History
How were children institutionalized prior to the establishment of the juvenile justice system?
Almshouses, the Child Savers, and houses of refuge.
What age are people who go through the juvenile justice system?
Under 18
Are risk or protective factors of juvenile delinquency more identifiable?
Risk Factors
What federal agency assists communities in their efforts to address juvenile delinquency?
OJJDP - office of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention
What percentage of incarcerated youth were youth of color in the California 2016 survey?
90%
What was the first federal agency dedicated to the welfare of children?
1912 U.S. Children’s Bureau
What is the goal of the juvenile justice system?
Keep children and minors out of jail while teaching and guiding them in the right direction
Name two individual risk factors and protective factors
Risk: Male, Low IQ, Egocentrism, Behavior and Conduct Disorder, Antisocial, Substance Abuse, ADHD, Impulsive behaviors, Sexual Behavior, Trauma Exposure
Protective: Females, High IQ, Self-sufficient, High self-esteem, Easy temperament
Fill in the blank “right ___, to the right ___, at the right ___”
“Right service, to the right youth, at the right time”
African-American youth are ____ times more likely to be arrested than their white peers.
2.3
What are the 4Ds that the Juvenile Justice and Individual Rights era are known for?
Deinstitutionalization, Diversion, Decriminalization, and Due Process
What are the 4 main categories of the juvenile justice system?
Individual, group-supported, organized, and situational
What are the principles of the RNR Model?
Risk-Need-Responsivity
Name a prevention strategy from both the first and second tier of the comprehensive framework
Tier 1 - delinquency prevention, youth development, and early intervention programs
Tier 2 - immediate interventions, graduated sanctions, confinement, and community aftercare
Girls make up less than [fill in the blank] of youth arrest
⅓
What is the name of the Provision that was the earliest attempt to address the disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic minorities in secure confinement settings?
Disproportionate Minority Confinement Provision
True or False, are children of color more inclined to face arrests and crime?
True
What type of community environment can be seen as a risk factor for juvenile delinquency?
Urban or Violent
Name a place in which juvenile delinquency prevention services generally operate
Schools, public health agencies, social services,
What is one step that was recommended in creating a fair and equitable juvenile justice system?
Center the system’s operation on children and families with the greatest needs/ re-centering around children of colors
From the 2000s to Present, what continues to be the central mission of the juvenile justice system?
Rehabilitation
What is the largest emphasis within the juvenile justice system?
Reformation
What are the five main levels of risk and protective factors?
Individual, Family, Social, School/Employment, and Community
What is included in the continuum of services? (name one)
Immediate interventions, graduated sanctions, confinement, and community aftercare
What is the key to the development of responsive policies, initiatives, and interventions aimed at prevention efforts and reducing recidivism?
Research on the role of ACEs in predicting juvenile justice involvement and its impact on mental health challenges