Theory
The view that delinquency is a dynamic process, influenced by social experiences as well as individual characteristics.
Developmental theory
Pathway to delinquent deviance that begins at an early
age with stubborn behavior and leads to defiance and then to authority avoidance.
Authority conflict pathway
Differences in the way females and males are socialized affect their development.
Socialization Differences
Recognize that the interaction of biological and
psychological traits with the social environment produce delinquency
Contemporary Trait Views
The terms ____________________are
used to describe a person
family environment and their
the tendency for delinquent behavior
family and delinquency
People have multiple traits; social, psychological, and economic.
People change over the life course.
Family, job, and peers influence behavior.
Life-course theory
Pathway to a delinquent career that begins with minor underhanded behavior, leads to property damage, and eventually escalates to more serious forms of theft and
fraud
Covert pathway
Differences between males and females, starting in
childhood
Cognitive Differences
Women who get involved in antisocial and
violent behavior suffers from some form of mental anguish or abnormality.
Contemporary Psychological Views
The Child ___________ System is a comprehensive collection of laws, policies, and procedures created to protect kids from exploitation, abuse, and neglect.
Protection
The view is that there are multiple independent paths to a delinquent career and that there are different types and classes of offenders.
Trajectory theory
Pathway to a delinquent career that begins with minor aggression, leads to physical fighting, and eventually escalates to violent delinquency
Overt pathway
Differences in the way boys and girls regulate their emotions and feelings
Emotional Differences
The idea is that a child’s social development may be the key to understanding delinquent behavior.
Socialization views
_______ abuse is a serious problem in the United States and around the world, it involves neglect and exploitation, in addition to physical,
emotional, and sexual abuse
Theories that incorporate social, personal, and developmental factors into complex explanations of human behavior.
Integrated theories
Positive life experiences, such as gaining employment, getting married, or joining the military, which create informal social control mechanisms that limit
delinquent behavior opportunities
Turning points
Factors that direct the trajectories of male
delinquency are quite different from those that influence female delinquency
Gender Differences and Delinquency-
Family interaction is the key to understanding
female delinquency
Contemporary socialization views
Two adults who live together without being formally married
Cohabitating parents
A developmental theory that modifies social control
theory by integrating concepts from biosocial, psychological, routine activities, and rational
choice theories.
General Theory of Crime (GTC)
Delinquents who begin their offending career at a very early age and continue to offend well into adulthood.
Life-course persisters
Certain family characteristics such as
lack of supervision, poor
communication, and inconsistent
discipline can increase the chances of
delinquency.
True OR False
True
Use the life course and other developmental approaches to characterize the ebb and flow of girls’ delinquent careers.
Developmental View
It is estimated that over ___ million children
in the United States alone experience some kind of abuse or neglect
each year
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