Depth
Objects
Faces
Visual Attention
Sound and Ear
100
When looking at a red house picture combined with a cyan shoe picture, while wearing red-cyan 3D glasses, you experience what phenomenon and what is the resulting perception?
Binocular Rivalry.
The two images compete for conscious awareness and the two images flicker back and forth every few seconds.
100
Term for the holistic way of looking at things
Gestalt
100
Inverted are less subject to _______ processing.
Holistic (global)
100
Combining perceptual information into one whole
Binding
100
Intensity and frequency are measured in which units (typically), and what are their related psychological aspects?
deci-Bels (dB) and Hertz (Hz).
Loudness and Pitch.
200
Describe the difference between metrical and non-metrical depth cues.
A metrical depth cue offers information about distance in the third dimension.
A non-metrical cue only offers information about the relative order of occluders and occludees.
200
This image best represents this theory of object recognition
Distributed representation: Concepts are defined by their pattern of activation across many smaller units
200
After adapting to an image of Obama, you are shown the following picture. You are likely to perceive this person. Bonus: Why?
George Bush. Face aftereffects
200
Assuming that things we aren't paying attention to remain the same
Stable world assumption
200
What is the difference between a complex tone and a pure tone?
Bonus: What underlies the perceived pitch of a periodic complex tone?
Complex tones are the summation of simple tones.
The pitch of a periodic complex tone is determined/close to the fundamental frequency.
300
Along this objects have no binocular disparity.
Along the horopter.
300
Object constancy is:
Given an example.
Being able to tell what an object is regardless of lighting, weather, angle, etc.
300
The multidimensional representation of all faces a person has ever seen.
Bonus: suggests recognition by ______
Face space
views (exemplars)
300
Feature-integration theory relies on these two systems for visual search
Preattentive: occurs in parallel, automatic, cues attention (visual pop-out)
Attentive: occurs in serial, requires directed attention
300
What information does the audibility curve tell us? What are humans best at hearing according to the audibility curve?
It tells us the threshold of human hearing across frequencies. It also provides equal loudness curves: it tells us that the loudness of tones depends on the frequency and intensity of the sound.
Speech frequencies (speech banana!).
400
A problem which arises due to the infinite amount of 3D visual scenes which could account for the resultant 2D retinal image.
What is the Inverse Optics Problem?
400
Describe the dual visual system theory
Ventral stream: what an object is, what an object does, slow (parvo stream), consciousness needed?, perception
Dorsal: where, how to interact with, fast (magno), consciousness not needed, action
400
We have a slight bias for things in this side of the visual field.
left (because FFA more highly activated in right temporal lobe)
400
Multi-tasking is possible when _____
Decreases in task performance when multi-tasking is indicative of _______
performing two tasks that don't require an overlap of resources (listening to instrumental music while studying)
Task switching cost, tasks use same pool of resources (talking and typing)
400
What hypothesis of frequency encoding allows the cochlea to encode high frequency sounds (>1000Hz), when my auditory nerve fibers are unable to carry information through phase-locking? Describe how the process works.
The Volley Principle.
When AN fibers are unable to fire fast enough to phase-lock, like for high frequency sounds, other neurons participate in temporally coding the sound. So while each neuron alone cannot fire 2000 times a second, four neurons can take turns and each fire 500 times a second to encode the sound.
500
List monocular depth cues and how they provide information about depth.
Occlusion, T-junctions, proximity to horizon (relative height), vanishing point, familiar size, texture gradient (pattern gets smaller as it recedes), aerial perspective (atmospheric interference), shading (angle of surface interacts with the angle of the light source),
500
Recognition by parts is better for recognizing _____ objects while recognition by views might be better for recognizing ______
basic level (dog); specific instances of a category (my dog, Flapjack)
500
Caricatures facilitate recognition in this way
Exaggerate features that make a person distinguishable.
500
The reverse hierarchy model of conscious vision states that _____
Bonus: what makes this "reverse"
information manifests consciously in reverse
Anatomically, first comes fine detail (V1), then color, and finally object recognition (temporal cortex). But we tend to get the big picture stuff first.
500
If Prof. Holbook has trouble hearing and has an infected inner ear causing inflammation. While I have trouble hearing after attending too many loud concerts without ear protection. What type of hearing loss do we each have?
Bonus: How does a Cochlear Implant help provide some hearing?
Prof. Holbrook: Conductive Hearing Loss.
Me: Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
A microphone reads in sound information from the environment, passes it through a filter-bank, and directly electrically stimulates the auditory nerve at the respective areas along the cochlea.