Nutrition Basics & Balance
These are the 6 classes of nutrients.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamin, minerals and water?
These are important considerations or parameters (ex. "length of study") or best practices for designing a quality research study to answer a research question. Name at least 2 others.
–Sample size
–Length of study
–Randomizing groups
–Blinding participants (& researchers)
–Control groups
–Outcomes measured
–Measurement tools
–Confounding variables
–Study population
–What others have found
–Type of study design.
•Design to eliminate biases, rule out other causes/ explanations/ factors
•Base on quality data and challenge previous assumptions
•Interpret data within context of experiment
•Repeat studies, multiple designs, different populations & conditions
These are functions of the stomach (name 2).
2. produces HCl to kill bacteria & unfold proteins
3. secretes intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption
Absorption has occurred when a nutrient enters this location.
Bloodstream
Name the 6 types of Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) standards.
EAR, RDA, AI, UL, EER, and CDRR
This macronutrient is the most energy dense and contains _____ kcals per gram.
Lipids/Fats, 9kcal/gram
Even when researchers plan carefully, some outside influences may still affect study results. What are these called, collectively?
Limitations
The 3 sections of the small intestine from closest to stomach to furthest away.
Most nutrient absorption occurs in this specific section of the small intestine
Jejunum
In the Dietary Guidelines, what are the 4 recommended nutrients to increase?
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is __________ by having more lean body mass.
Increased
A study concludes that a specific supplement dramatically improves weight loss. The study is funded by the company that manufactures the supplement, and no independent replication studies are mentioned. Name the red flag you see.
funding bias or conflict of interest
The end products of digestion for each macronutrient: carbs, fats, protein.
carbs = glucose or monosaccharides
fat = fatty acids
protein = amino acids
The purpose of villi & location in the GI tract where you find the most of them
increase surface area for maximizing absorption; jejunum
On a food label, the Percent Daily Value is based on a person consuming how many calories per day?
2,000
This macronutrient is used for building parts of the immune system and enzymes.
Protein
An article claims, “This diet works for everyone and guarantees results if you follow it exactly,” based on a study of 30 college-aged males.
Overgeneralization or one-size-fits-all claim
This secretion from an accessory organ is important for full digestion of lipids (hint: it's not an enzyme)
bile
These 2 digestion products are absorbed into enterocytes via active transport.
glucose and amino acids
Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), this macronutrient should contribute the most calories to our diet?
carbohydrates
These are 2 adaptations or body responses that occur when a person achieves a negative energy balance, such as starting a low-calorie diet.
1. BMR decreases
2. Hunger increases
Name 3 signs that a source may be credible.
Are verified or provided by qualified professionals (e.g., dietitians, aka. “registered dietitian nutritionists” (RDN))
Base information on quality research
Cite sources where they got the information...Should give enough info so you can find the actual source!
Provides information on health benefits and health risks, or at least a statement about consulting a healthcare provider or credible source for more information
The function or role of gastrin, a hormone.
to stimulate the stomach to release secretions like acid and enzymes for digestion
Brush border enzymes are located here to finish digestion so absorption of nutrients can begin
brush border or on microvilli of enterocytes; any part of this answer may count
The percentage of your total grain intake that should be from whole grains
50%