Heart Physiology
Intercalated discs help transfer this
what is an action potential?
this cellular structure stores calcium inside the muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
This phase of the action potential means that another action potential cannot be generated
Absolute refractory period (Plateau phase)
This structure separates the two ventricles of the heart
Interventricular septum
The exchange of oxygen occurs between this and capillaries.
Alveoli
Calcium found outside the muscle cell eventually causes this inside the muscle cell
release of calcium from the SR to cause contraction
An abnormally slow heart rate is called this
Bradycardia
Cardiac output is
CO=HRxSV
amount of blood pumped out of heart in one minute
Exercise can increase CO
the string looking things that are attached to the valves are called
chordae tendineae
The mucociliary escalator has this purpose
remove waste/ debris from the respiratory tract
If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, this will take over to generate action potentials
the AV node
This heart event creates the first heart sound
AV valves close...what closes them?
A fall in O2 or rise in CO2 stimulate the _______ which sends a signal to the medulla to regulate what?
chemoreceptors, heart rate via the sympathetic or parasympathetic NS
This structure prevents back flow from the pulmonary trunk to the right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve...what is a name for this back flow?
The right lung has ____ lobes while the left has______
3, 2
At point 3, this/these heart events are occurring.
(Pull up picture)
Ventricular systole and semilunar valves open
Spontaneous depolarization
Walk us through the events of the cardiac cycle
Using the chart
Explain how the tricuspid or bicuspid valves work
blood from ventricles get trapped behind valve walls and push them closed. Chordae tendineae hold valve so it does not prolapse.
Nasal Conchae are found here and have this function
in the nasal cavity and warmup/humidify air
Explain the flow of the heart including when chambers are contracting and valves are opening/closing
im not typing this out its a lot
An increased K+ permeability would be stimulated by this division of the nervous system and result in what type of polarization
Parasympathetic division and hyperpolarization
Explain the factors that influence stroke volume
you can use the chart (slide 36)
how does blood get to the heart muscle
coronary circulation
what is the pathway that air flows from the trachea to the alveoli:
respiratory bronchioles, secondary/lobar bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, terminal bronchioles, tertiary/segmental bronchi, primary/main bronchi, alveoli
Trachea, primary/main bronchi, secondary/lobar bronchi, tertiary/segmental bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli