PREFACE
Kant is trying to bridge the gap between what two fields of philosophy?
rationalism and empiricism
what does happiness mean to Kant/what context does he use it in?
welfare, well-being, preservation, contentment
_______: a command of reason
imperative
what are the two "worlds" that Kant says we are in the middle ground of?
the sensible world and the intelligible world
what word means a guiding rule/principle?
maxim
what is the latin term for "prior to experience?"
a priori
what is the only thing good without qualification?
a good will
all imperatives are expressed by an "______"
ought
a _____ will and a will under moral laws are one and the same
free
the property the will has of being a law to itself, freedom of will
autonomy
material philosophy is divided into what two kinds of laws? (also reffered to as physics and ethics)
laws of nature and laws of freedom
duty is the necessity to act out of reverence for what? (#3 proposition about duty)
the law
an action is good solely as the means to do something else... what is this?
hypothetical imperative
morality follows from the concept of _________.
freedom
summarize what Kant is trying to explain in the "kingdom of ends."
rational beings united in agreement, we are all connected, all of us perceive ourselves as ends (practical imperative), we must treat everyone with dignity and respect
the aim/goal of Kant is to "seek out and establish ____________________________________." (60)
the supreme principle of morality
what are the 3 duties that Kant lists?
1.) to preserve one's own life
2.) to help others where one can
3.) to assure one's own happiness
what is the word for a power of determining oneself to action in accordance with the idea of certain laws?
will
list two qualities of the sensible world and the intelligible world.
sensible: varies depending on the observer, effects, things as they appear, laws of nature, heteronomy, realm of hypothetical imperatives
intelligible: remains the same, causes, things as they are in themselves, laws of freedom, autonomy, realm of categorical imperatives
what are the 3 propositions of duty?
1.) a human action is morally good because it is done for the sake of duty
2.) an action done from duty has its moral worth not in the purpose to be attained by it but in the maxim from which it is decided
3.) duty is the necessity to act out of reverence for the law
"For an action to be morally good, it is not enough that it conform to the moral law, it must be done for the ______ of the moral law." (57-58)
sake
what is the categorical imperative? (NEED TO KNOW!)
"I ought never to act except in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal law." (70)
what is the practical imperative?
I ought act in such a way that one always treats humanity, whether in oneself or any other person, never simply as a means but always as an end. (96)
what is the categorical imperative?
"I ought never to act except in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal law." (70)
everyone give an example of the categorical example in your daily life!