Karyotypes
How many chromosomes are in a normal human karyotype?
46
What is meiosis?
A type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms, that starts with one diploid cell and results in four haploid gametes.
What organ produces sperm?
testes
What separates during anaphase I?
homologous chromosomes
How many cells does mitosis result in?
2 identical daughter cells
How do you know a karyotype is female?
two X chromosomes
At the start of meiosis, the parent cells are haploid or diploid?
diploid
What is it called when non-sister chromatids overlap?
chiasma or chiasmata
What happens during anaphase II?
Sister chromatids separate
How many cells does meiosis result in?
4 genetically unique daughter cells
How do you know a karyotype is male?
1 X chromosome, 1 Y chromosome
If a diploid parent cell has 30 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after meiosis has occured?
15
At the end of meiosis, the daughter cells are haploid or diploid?
haploid
The fusion of gametes is called what?
fertilization
How many cycles of cell division occur in mitosis vs. meiosis?
mitosis - PMAT once
meiosis - PMAT twice
How do you know a karyotype has Trisomy 21?
During meiosis, chromosomes randomly sort into daughter cells. This is known as....
Independent Assortment
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
Process of non-sister chromatids overlapping to form a chiasma, during which pieces of DNA break off, swap, and reanneal with the opposite chromatid.
Occurs during prophase I
What are two things that allow for genetic variation?
crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes
What type of cells does mitosis produce?
body (somatic) cells
How do you know a karyotype is normal?
46 chromosomes, none missing or added
How many chromosomes are in each gamete?
23
What organ produces eggs?
ovaries
What is the resulting fusion of egg and sperm called?
zygote
What type of cells does meiosis produce?
gametes (egg and sperm)