Social
Fill in the blank
The ONLY way to determine causation is through __A__
A. Experimentation
Define Probability Level (P-Value)
Number calculated with statistical techniques that tells researchers how likely it is that the results of their experiment occurred by chance and not because of the independent variable(s)
What are Cover Stories?
Participants are told that the purpose of the study is different than it really is, and are used to heighten Psychological Realism
Basic Research is designed to find out what?
Why people behave the way they do, it is conducted purely for reasons of intellectual curiosity
Fill in the blank
Some studies require __A__, in which participants are misled about the true purpose of a study or the events that will actually transpire
A. Deception
What is The Independent Variable?
The variable the researcher changes or varies to see if it has an effect on some other variable
What is The Dependent Variable?
The variable a researcher measures to see if it is influenced by the independent variable
What is important to Generalizability Across People?
Random Selection
What is Applied Research?
Studies designed to solve a particular social problem
Fill in the blank
When deception is used, researchers must arrange a ___A__ _____, in which the purpose of the study & exactly what transpired is explained to the participants at the end of the experiment
A. Debriefing Session
Define External Validity
The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and other people
Describe Generalizability
The extent to which we can generalize from the people who participated in the experiment to people in general
Generalizability across situations
Generalizability across people
What are Field Experiments?
Conducting experiments in a natural setting, rather than the laboratory
An effective way to increase External Validity
Describe Social Neuroscience
Studying the connection between biological processes & social behavior
Functional MRI (fMRI)
What type of science is social psychology?
Empirical
Define Internal Validity
Ensuring that nothing other than the independent variable is affecting the dependent variables
Experiments strive to achieve high internal validity
To maintain internal validity, researchers must keep everything about the situation the same except what?
The independent variable
Define Replication
Repeating a study, often with different subject populations, or in different settings
The ultimate test of an experiment's external validity
Define Cross-Cultural Research
Studying whether Psychological processes differ in different cultures
Methods Used for The Observational Method
Ethnography
Archival Analysis
What is Generalizability Across Situations (Real Life Situations vs Artificial Settings)?
To overcome the artificiality of the experimental setting, researchers aim for psychological realism
What is Psychological Realism?
Having the experiment trigger the same perceptions, thoughts, and decision-making as would occur in everyday life
A statistical technique that is used to make sense of the results from multiple studies, by averaging the result is defined as what?
Meta-Analysis
Fill in the blank
Researchers must also obtain __A__ ____, in which the nature of the experiment is explained to participants before it begins
A. Informed consent
What are the ranges of the correlation coefficient?
From +1 to -1