The Nephron
This waste product comes from protein breakdown and is removed in urine.
urea
Which organ filters out metabolic waste and toxins from the blood?
kidneys
Besides tissue matching, this factor is important because kidneys must be transplanted quickly after removal.
geographic proximity/location
A patient in immediate danger of dying from kidney failure may receive higher priority due to this factor.
Medical urgency
This medical treatment artificially filters blood when kidneys fail.
Which substance would normally be found in the filtrate inside Bowman’s capsule of a healthy nephron?
A) Platelets
B) Large Proteins
C) White Blood Cells
D) Glucose
D) Glucose
NAME 2 main functions of the urinary system.
removes waste from blood. controls water balance. regulates blood pressure. balances electrolytes. maintains pH balance. produces hormones. production, transport, storage, & release of urine.
a name is added to the national transplant waiting list every ______ minutes...
A) 13
B) 28
C) 42
D) 55
A) 13 min.
a type of minimally invasive surgery where doctors use a small camera to look inside the body
laparoscopy
The functional unit of the kidney is called...
the nephron
This nephron structure surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate.
Bowman's Capsule
Name 3 organs of the urinary/excretory system.
kidneys, bladder, ureters, & urethra
(TRUE OR FALSE)
The National Organ Transplant Act establishes that social criteria, such as celebrity status, wealth, or prison status, are excluded from consideration in organ allocation.
TRUE
A 22-year-old patient has waited 3 years for a kidney and is medically stable. A 35-year-old patient has waited 2 years & is rapidly worsening. Who would be more likely to get the kidney?
35-year-old due to medical urgency
Which organ's function is to temporarily store urine produced by the kidneys.
bladder
the part of the nephron that helps the kidneys save water and make urine more concentrated...
the loop of henle
receives fluid from several nephrons & carries it toward the renal pelvis, where urine eventually moves to the “final checkpoint” where the body decides how much water to keep before urine leaves the kidney
collecting duct
This organization manages the U.S. transplant waiting list and organ allocation system.
A) NTA (National Transplant Association)
B) UNOS (United Network for Organ Sharing)
C) APHA (American Public Health Association)
D) NOFT (National Organization for Transplants)
B) UNOS
This blood test checks whether a recipient’s antibodies will attack a donor kidney.
Crossmatching
the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.
urethra
This part of the nephron is responsible for most reabsorption of water, glucose, and nutrients back into the bloodstream.
A) Loop of henle
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) glomerulus
B) proximal convoluted tubule
This structure carries urine from the kidneys down to the urinary bladder using smooth muscle contractions
ureters
Doctors compare these blood markers to determine transplant compatibility.
HLA Markers (human leukocyte antigens)
Two patients are a match for the same donor kidney. List 4 factors commonly considered in transplant decisions.
the surgical removal of a kidney is called...
nephrectomy