safety
what is the most radiosensitive system in the body?
hemopoietic system
what dose causes CNS syndrome?
greater than 5,000 rad (50 Gy) (50,000 mGy)
If operating below 50 kVp, how much total filtration is needed?
0.5 mm aluminum
How does a radiographer reduce dose for a pediatric patient?
collimation
why does the air gap technique reduce the effect of scattered radiation even though it does not decrease its production?
because of high percentage of scatter diverges away from the IR, reducing its impact on the image.
what dose range causes gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome?
1000-5000 rad (10-50 Gy). 10,000-50,000 mGy
when does death occur in CNS syndrome?
within hours or days
if operating between 50-70 kVp, how much total filtration is needed?
1.5 mm aluminum
When using a radiographic grid, does patient dose increase or decrease?
increase
what is pulsed fluoroscopy?
a digital form of fluoroscopy
what are the symptoms of GI syndrome?
nausea, vomiting, fatigue
threshold dose increases and survival time decreases.
if operating above 70 kVp, how much total filtration is needed?
2.5 mm aluminum.
what is the air gap technique and alternative to?
grid use
how does pulsed fluoroscopy decrease patient dose?
the x-ray beam is turned off while the image is being scanned
when does death occur in GI syndrome?
approximately one week following exposure
what is the primary purpose of filtration?
to reduce entrance skin exposure (ESE) to the patient
how does the radiographer control voluntary motion?
patient communication
what two positioning factors are required for the air gap technique?
long SID combined with increased OID
what is 'Last image hold"?
stores the image from the last time the fluoroscopy switch was depressed.
what is aother name for CNS syndrome?
cardiovascular syndrome
how do you reduce the ESE to the vitally sensitive organs?
turn the patient PA
how does a radiographer prevent involuntary motion?
short exposure time.
does the air gap technique reduce the production of scatter radiation?
no, it does not reduce production of scatter
increased kVp and reduced mA reduces patient dose