safety
during radiolysis, a positive water molecule can split into _______?
a free radical, which is a highly reactive unstable substance.
what happens during interphase cell death?
cell dies without attempting to divide.
what happens during prophase?
chromosomes pair up
1. cell division
2. germ cell division
what dose range can cause reproductive failure?
100-1000 Rad (1-10,000 mGy)
Free radicals can combine to form toxic substances such as _______?
Hydrogen peroxide (-OH + OH = H2O2 )
what determines the amount of radiation needed to cause interphase death?
amount of radiation to cause interphase death depends on the radiosensitivity of the cell
what happens during metaphase
chromosomes line up at the equator
What are germ cells?
reproductive cells
What is:
effecrts limited to the exposed individual (the body)
somatic effects
Is radiation the direct cause of indirect cause of biological damage?
Indirect cause of biological damage
what is the correct order of the cell cycle phases?
1. interphase
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase and cytokinesis.
what happens during anaphase?
sister chromatids pull apart
What is:
a temporary delay in cell division where mitotic activity resumes after a short time
Mitotic delay
What is:
effects that occur relatively soon after exposure to the body (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks).
Short term somatic effects
what causes the majority of radiation damage in the body?
indirect action of radiation interacting with water, due to large amount of water contained in a cell.
during which phase is the cell most radiosensitive?
metaphase
what happens during telophase and cytokinesis?
cell pinches in the middle, and divides into two identical daughter cells.
what is the minimum dose that can cause mitotic delay?
1 Rad (0.01 Gy or 10 mGy)
What are some examples of short-term somatic effects?
epilation, nausea, vomiting, erythema, fatigue, epistaxis.
What is the cell death interphase also known as?
apoptosis.
what happens during interphase?
DNA is copied
what does 2n mean in cell division?
diploid (two sets of chromosomes)
What is:
the cell does not die, but loses the ability to reproduce
reproductive failure
effects that occur to the body years after exposure
Long-term somatic effects