Abay Kunanbayuly
This major philosophical prose work by Abay consists of 45 short parables and moral essays on ethics, hard work, and education.
The Words of Edification (Kara Sozder)
Ybyray Altynsarin is revered as a pioneer in Kazakh public education for establishing the first Kazakh-Russian schools and adopting this alphabet for Kazakh textbook printing.
the Cyrillic alphabet
Shoqan Ualikhanov graduated in 1853 from this prestigious military academy in Siberia, which produced many prominent Russian imperial officers and scholars.
the Omsk Cadet Corps
Before taking the throne name Abylai, his real birth name was this.
Äbilmansur
Kenesary Kasymov led the largest national liberation movement (1837–1847) against foreign colonization, specifically opposing the territorial expansion of this empire.
the Russian Empire
Born in the Chingiz Mountains, Abay was given the birth name Ibrahim; his grandmother Zere gave him this famous nickname meaning "careful" or "thoughtful."
Abay
Altynsarin's famous poem starting with the lines "Kelin'izder, balalar, okyn'yz!" translates to this motivational invitation in English.
"Come, children, let us learn!" (or "Let's Study, Children!")
Disguised as a merchant in 1858–1859, Ualikhanov risked his life to complete a secret expedition to this isolated East Turkestan region, earning international scholarly acclaim.
Kashgar (Kashgaria)
Abylai Khan gained fame as a military leader and diplomat who successfully united the Kazakh Zhuzes during the fierce 18th-century wars against this Oirat empire from the east.
the Dzungars (Dzungar Khanate)
Kenesary was elected Khan of all three Kazakh Zhuzes in 1841, making him historically recognized as this.
the last Khan of the unified Kazakh Khanate
Abay translated works of European and Russian literature into Kazakh, including the poetry of Pushkin, Lermontov, and this famous German poet's Wanderer's Night Song.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Published in 1879, Altynsarin's landmark educational book Kirghiz (Kazakh) Chrestomathy served as the first major textbook written specifically for Kazakh pupils.
Kazakh Chrestomathy (Kirghizskaya Khrestomatiya)
Ualikhanov was the first scholar to record and write down episodes of this world's longest epic poem from the Kyrgyz people.
the Epic of Manas
Abylai Khan skillfully maintained Kazakh independence through a foreign policy balancing relations between these two giant neighboring empires.
the Russian Empire and Qing (Chinese) Empire
Kenesary Khan was the direct grandson of which other figure featured on this Jeopardy board?
Abylai Khan
his famous song composed by Abay, set to his poetic translation of Lermontov/Goethe, remains one of the most popular Kazakh melodies about night and nature.
Kozimnin Karasy (or Karangy Tunde Tau Kalgyp)
Beyond elementary schooling, Altynsarin advocated heavily for vocational training and established the first school in Kazakhstan for this specific demographic in Irgiz (1887).
girls / young women
Shoqan Ualikhanov was the direct grandson of this famous 18th-century Kazakh ruler of the Middle Zhuz.
Abylai Khan
In 1771, representatives of all three Kazakh Zhuzes gathered at the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in this city to proclaim Abylai as the All-Kazakh Khan.
Turkestan
To centralize his state power during the rebellion, Kenesary abolished traditional tribal levies and introduced this regular tax system on livestock and goods.
the Zeket (and Ushyr) tax system
Mukhtar Auezov wrote a world-renowned epic 4-volume biography novel centered around Abay's life, titled The Path of... this person.
The Path of Abay (Abay Zholy)
Altynsarin held the influential administrative title of Inspector of Schools for this region in northwestern Kazakhstan.
Turgai region (Turgai Oblast)?
During his time in Saint Petersburg, Ualikhanov formed a close friendship with this famous Russian author of Crime and Punishment, with whom he corresponded regularly.
Fyodor Dostoevsky
In his youth, before his royal identity was known, Abilmambet worked as a shepherd and warrior using this battle cry (uran) derived from his grandfather's name.
Abylai
Kenesary Khan met his tragic end in 1847 during a military campaign in the Maitobe hills while battling forces belonging to this neighboring polity.
the Khanate of Kokand (or Kyrgyz manaps/tribes in alliance with Kokand)