Vertebral Column
Protecting the spinal cord and meninges, supporting body weight, serving as a site of muscle attachment, and controlling torso movement are key functions of this bony structure.
What is the Vertebral column
All muscles of facial expression are innervated by this cranial nerve.
Facial nerve (CN VII)
In the brain, this type of matter is superficial and contains neuron cell bodies (nuclei).
Gray matter
This tapered, inferior end of the spinal cord is found around L1–L2 in adults.
Conus medullaris
This cranial nerve carries only special sensory information for smell and passes through the cribriform plate.
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
Fibers that carry impulses toward the central nervous system are called this.
Afferent fibers
This opaque 'white of the eye' is part of the fibrous tunic.
Sclera
This is the number of cervical vertebrae in the vertebral column.
What are 7 cervical vertebrae
This muscle of mastication elevates and retracts the mandible and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible.
Temporalis
This lobe of the cerebrum contains the primary visual cortex.
Occipital lobe
This bundle of spinal nerve rootlets inferior to the conus medullaris is nicknamed the “horse’s tail.”
Cauda equina
Nicknamed “the wanderer,” this cranial nerve is the only one to extend beyond the head and neck.
Vagus nerve (CN X)
This division of the nervous system innervates skeletal muscle and sensory receptors of the skin, joints, and muscles.
Somatic nervous system
This small pit in the center of the macula lutea provides the sharpest visual focus.
Fovea centralis
These two primary spinal curves develop during the fetal period and are concave anteriorly.
What are Thoracic and sacral curvatures
This powerful jaw muscle elevates and protracts the mandible and is the prime mover of jaw closure.
Masseter
This deep groove between the left and right cerebral hemispheres separates them.
Longitudinal fissure
This delicate extension of pia mater anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.
Filum terminale
This division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull through the foramen ovale and carries both somatic motor and general sensory fibers.
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)
This division of the visceral efferent system mediates 'fight or flight' responses.
Sympathetic nervous system
These movable protective structures, also called palpebrae, help distribute lacrimal fluid across the eye surface.
Eyelids
Also known as C2, this cervical vertebra has a vertical projection called the dens that acts as the axis of rotation for the “no” motion.
What is Axis (C2)
This broad, straplike neck muscle originates on the sternum and clavicle, inserts on the mastoid process, and bilaterally flexes the neck.
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
This gyrus of the parietal lobe houses the primary sensory cortex.
Postcentral gyrus
This type of motor neuron runs from the spinal cord to a muscle.
Lower motor neuron
This motor cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and exits through the jugular foramen.
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems require this number of neurons in their efferent pathway from CNS to target.
Two neurons (pre-synaptic and post-synaptic)
These three small bones of the middle ear transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Malleus, incus, and stapes
These openings in the sacrum transmit the anterior and posterior rami of spinal nerves.
Anterior and posterior sacral foramina
From lateral to medial, these are the three columns of the erector spinae.
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
Known as the “lighthouse for homeostasis,” this region is the command center for the endocrine system and directs the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
There are this many pairs of spinal nerves in total.
31 pairs of spinal nerves
According to the mnemonic 'Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More,' this cranial nerve is sensory for balance and hearing.
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Pupillary constriction is a parasympathetic response driven by this cranial nerve.
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Movement of the head in rotation activates receptors in these structures of the inner ear to help maintain equilibrium.
Semicircular canals