DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What happens during replication?
During DNA replication, the double helix unwinds and unzips, allowing each original strand to serve as a template for building a new, complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand
How many strands make up a DNA double helix?
2
What are the functions of mRNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) functions as the crucial intermediary that carries genetic instructions from DNA in the cell's nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the function of DNA polymerase.
DNA polymerase is an essential enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding complementary nucleotides to a template
What is the function of transcription?
The function of transcription is to create a temporary RNA copy (like messenger RNA, or mRNA) from a segment of DNA
tRNA functions?
tRNA (transfer RNA) functions as a crucial adaptor molecule in protein synthesis, physically linking the genetic code in messenger RNA (mRNA) to the specific amino acids that build proteins, delivering the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on its three-nucleotide anticodon matching the mRNA's codon.
What nitrogen bases go together in DNA?
Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine
What is the function of translation?
The function of translation in biology is to synthesize proteins by decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) into a specific sequence of amino acids
rRNA functions?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is the fundamental component of ribosomes, the cellular machinery for protein synthesis, providing structure and performing the crucial catalytic function of forming peptide bonds between amino acids
What are the nitrogen base pairs in RNA?
Uracil-Adenine, Guanine-Cytosine
What are the three different processes that nucleic acid can do?
DNA Replication, transcription, and translation.
What happens during DNA mutation?
When a mutation occurs, the DNA's nucleotide sequence (A, T, C, G) changes, which can alter the resulting protein, potentially causing no effect, a harmful outcome (like disease), or, rarely, a beneficial change that aids survival and drives evolution
What is a codon?
A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that acts as a code word, specifying a particular amino acid or a signal to start or stop protein synthesis (translation)
What is the function of the helicase?
Helicase is a crucial enzyme that unwinds double-stranded nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs, using energy from ATP