Lab Values
Normal lab value for sodium
135-145
Hemorrhage, heart failure, sepsis, and burns are classified as what type of cause of renal failure?
Pre-renal
What might you auscultate in the lung fields of a patient in the oliguric phase of AKI?
Crackles/Rales
Control patient exposure to these types of medications
Nephrotoxic
Normal lab value for potassium
3.5-5
This phase can last weeks to months as the concentrating ability of the kidneys slowly returns and labs begin to normalize
Recovery phase
What might you see in the UA of a patient with kidney injury?
Protein, WBCs, RBCs, cell casts
The bedside nurse should carefully monitor what in a patient with AKI?
Intake and output
The three primary functions of the kidney
Maintain acid-base, electrolyte, and fluid balance
During this phase, urine output drops to <400mL/day and patients often experience fluid volume overload and increased electrolytes
Oliguric phase
During the oliguric phase, a patients acid-base cannot be balanced and they may go into...
metabolic acidosis
A nurse should monitor for signs and symptoms of this in a patient with AKI due to the likely leukocytosis they will experience
Infection
The presence of kidney damage for three or more months (GFR <60) is classified as what?
Chronic Kidney disease
NSAIDS, chemotherapy agents, and other nephrotoxic medications are classified as what type of cause of renal failure?
Intra-renal
hypotension
You may need to restrict these three electrolytes in your patient's diet
The AKI patient will become anemic when the kidney cannot excrete which hormone?
Erythropoeitin
In this phase, urine output increases to 1-4L/day and patients experience fluid and electrolyte deficits
Diuretic Phase
If AKI is left untreated you might see this serious neurological manifestation
seizure
Given intravenously for emergent hyperkalemia (4 things)
Calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, insulin, and glucose/dextrose