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Reabsorption
Concentration Gradients
Secretion
Blood pH
Hormones
100

This arteriole leaves the glomerulus (hint: it EFFs off) and twists its way around the Nephron so that reabsorption can occur. 

What is the Efferent Arteriole?

100

Water needs to leave the Nephron by this process.

What is Osmosis?

100

SECRETION is known as the last chance to move the "bad stuff" into this functional unit of the Kidney.

What is the Nephron?

100
Following the SECRETION process in the distal tubule the blood pH _____________ and the urine pH ____________? 

What is increases and decreases? 

100

The control of body fluid levels by the kidneys are regulated by these tow systems.

What are the NERVOUS and ENDOCRINE systems?

200
The Efferent Arteriole eventual leads to what vein? 
What is the Renal Vein? 
200

Osmosis is is not a strong enough process alone to push water out of the Nephron...so active transport helps to ensure the _______ gradient is maintained.

What is the Concentration Gradient? 

200

SECRETION uses this mechanism of transport to get the "bad stuff" back into the Nephron. 

What is ACTIVE transport?

200

Blood pH stays ~7.4 because of the addition or removal of these ions.

What are Hydrogen (H+) ions? 

200
ADH (ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE) is a hormone that is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland in our brain. It is also known as vasopressin. It helps the kidney do this.  

What is increases water reabsorption (collecting ducts and distal tubules) so urine volume is lower and more concentrated  (to maintain hydration -->keep water in the blood).

300

Sodium and Potassium (+ve charge) are reabsorbed FROM the PROXIMAL Tubule TO the EFFerent Arteriole by what method? 

What is ACTIVE transport?

300

A hypotonic solution has more of this substance.

What is water?

300

SECRETION occurs in these parts of the Nephron.

What is the DISTAL tubule and the Collecting Duct? 

300

The kidneys will excrete ______ions and absorb _____these ions as needed to maintain normal blood pH.

What are hydrogen ions (H+) and HCO3- ions? 

300
An ANTI diuretic helps us keep water and we don't pee as much. A diuretic does this.

What is get rid of water and pee more?

400

Negatively charged ions are attracted to positively charged ions. This is known as what type of transport? 

What is PASSIVE transport?

400
A hypertonic solution has more of this substance.

What is solute? 

400

Hydrogen Ion (H+) SECRETION helps regulate this process.

What is Blood pH?

400

Kidneys will excrete H+ ions and reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3- ions if the blood is too this.

What is acidic?

400

Osmoreceptors in our brain and blood vessel walls detect changes in the pressure of our blood (i.e. not enough fluid) and ADH is released. What happens to the Kidney? 

What is increase the rate of reabsorption from distal tubule and collecting ducts? (back into the blood)

500
As the concentration of Ions increases in the EFFerent Arteriole the osmotic pressure increases, so what will follow by process of Osmosis? 

What is water?

500
The type of cell required to support ACTIVE transport (hint: active transport requires energy...so what is the "powerhouse" of the cell?)

What are Mitochondria?

500

K+ and H+ ions are ACTIVELY secreted into the distal tubule along with this type of waste.

What is Nitrogen containing waste? 

500

Kidneys will not excrete H+ ions and not reabsorb HCO3- if the blood is to this. 

What is basic? 

500

ADH (increases or decreases) the permeability of the nephron to water because we are low on water. 

What is increase?