Urinary Organs
Humans can live with only one, they are about 0.5 kg each and located in the mid/lower back on either side of the spine.
The Nephron is also known as the "what" unit of the kidney and is responsible for the cleaning.
This branches off the renal artery and carries blood to the Glomerulus (hint: smaller version of an artery).
What is the AFFerent arteriole?
In the Proximal Tubule what does NOT get reabsorbed back into the blood?
What are urea, toxic substances, some salt, alot of water
These FOUR processes are crucial for the formation of Urine.
What are:
1. Glomerular FILTRATION
2. Tubular REABSORPTION
3. Tubular SECRETION
4. Water REABSORPTION
These hold about 1/4 of the body's blood at any given time
What are the Kidneys?
The Nephron is divided into this many functional parts.
What is eight?
Is a capillary bed and the major site of FILTRATION in the Nephron. High pressure in this area (4x higher).
What is the Glomerulus?
This loop takes urine from the proximal tubule to the distal tubule. It contains a DESCENDING Loop and an ASCENDING Loop. (Hint: it WAS named after the German physician that discovered it in 1862)
What is the Loop of Henle?
Filtration occurs in these two parts of the Nephron. High blood pressure is required to "push" fluid and dissolved material through one part [first structure] and into another [second structure].
What are the Glomerulus and the Bowman's Capsule?
These care the wastes filterer from the blood in the kidneys to the bladder
The UreTERS
The Nephron has six parts located in the Cortex (outer part of the Kidney). What are they?
What is the AFFerent and EFFerent Arteriole, Glomerulus, Bowman's Capsule, Proximal and Distal Tubule?
The resultant fluid from the Glomerulus, known as the FILTRATE (waste) is received here; a cup-like structure that surrounds the Glomerulus.
What is the Bowman's Capsule?
The DESCENDING Loop of Henle is permeable to this and is the site of some reabsorption. It reduces the volume of filtrate so it becomes more concentrated.
What is mostly water and small amount of ions?
The Glomerulus receives blood from the ________ Arteriole and discharges blood into the ________ Arteriole.
What is the AFFerent and EFFerent Arteriole?
Theis is the tube that carries the urine to the outside world. In males it is long; in female it is shorter.
The UreTHRA
These parts of the Nephron reside in the Medulla (middle part of the Kidney).
What are the Loop of Henle and part of the Collecting Duct?
This structure follows the Bowman's Capsule and joins it to the Loop of Henle. The major site of REABSORPTION back into the blood.
What is the Proximal Tubule?
Opposite to the descending loop the ASCENDING Loop of Henle is impermeable to this substance (i.e. does NOT allow it pass through). Active transport is required to pump sodium, potassium, and chloride out.
What is water?
These cells are too big to fit through the small capillary walls of the Glomerulus.
What are proteins and blood cells (RBCs, platelets, and WBCs)?
The kidney is divided into three parts; name them from outer to inner.
What is the Cortex, Medulla, and Renal Pelvis?
This collects urine/wastes form many nephrons and carries the urine to the renal pelvis.
What is the Collecting Duct?
The ACTIVE transport of many valuable substances happens here. For example glucose, amino acids and sodium. The PASSIVE transport of Chloride (Cl-) and Water (H20).
What is the Proximal Tubule?
This part of the Nephron is the last chance for VERY PRECISE reabsorption. It is dependent on the presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). Water is reabsorbed here and the balance of Blood pH happens here.
What is the Distal Convoluted Tubule?
The second process and third process known as RE-ABSORPTION & SECRETION occurs in what parts of the Nephron? This is the process that puts the "good stuff" back into our blood.
What are the Proximal Tubule, Loop of Henle and Distal Tubule?