Kidney Physiology
Vasopressin (ADH) causes these to be inserted into the membrane of the collecting duct
aquaporins
These are the two most common causes of chronic kidney disease in America
Diabetes and hypertension
These structures connect the kidneys to the bladder
The ureters
This chemical process allows the kidneys to reabsorb water and concentrate urine
Osmosis
This structure performs most of the filtration within the nephron
Glomerulus (or, glomerular capillaries)
The two main functions of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis
Regulating fluid balance and electrolyte levels
In people with diabetes, what molecule do the kidneys filter out of the blood and into the urine in higher-than-normal concentrations?
Glucose
The functional unit of the kidney
The nephron
These ions are heavily regulated by the kidneys
Na+ and Cl-
These cells release ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) in response to increased blood pressure
This is a result from constriction of the afferent arteriole
Decrease in GFR
The primary treatment for people with declining kidney function involves removing blood, filtering it through a machine, and pumping it back into the body
Dialysis
This capillary bed surrounds the tubules in the nephron.
vasa recta
This property of urine is determined by tubular permeability
Osmolarity/concentration
This structure connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule
The Loop of Henle
The kidneys secrete this enzyme in response to low blood pressure
Renin
Doctors need to consider this factor when prescribing meds to patients with declining kidney function
Drug dosages, because patients cannot metabolize drugs at a normal rate
These structures allow blood to flow in and out of the kidney.
Renal arteries; renal veins
This ion found in bananas and citrus should be avoided by people with chronic kidney disease because it can build up
Potassium (because the kidneys aren't filtering it out and it builds up)
H2O
These two mechanisms regulate the GFR
myogenic autoregulation and tubularglomerular feedback
Decreased blood PCO2 occurs during this condition.
respiratory alkalosis
This structure is the final site of reabsorption in the nephron
The collecting duct
The system used in the Loop of Henle to reabsorb water
The countercurrent-multiplier system
This structure catches the filtrate produced by the glomerulus
Bowman's Capsule