Viral Exanthems
Rash that begins after fever resolves and starts on the trunk
What is roseola (HHV-6/7)?
EEG is NOT indicated for this seizure type
What is simple febrile seizure?
Most common cause of chronic abdominal pain in adolescents
What is functional abdominal pain (DGBI)?
The most common viral cause of bronchiolitis in infants
What is RSV?
Cancer most associated with “onion-skin” periosteal reaction
What is Ewing sarcoma?
This exanthem has lesions in multiple stages simultaneously (“dew drops on a rose petal”)
What is varicella (chickenpox)?
Epilepsy is diagnosed after this threshold is met
What is ≥2 unprovoked seizures OR 1 + high-risk features?
Vomiting pattern that immediately localizes obstruction distal to the ampulla of Vater
What is bilious (green) emesis?
This therapy improves outcomes in bronchiolitis ONLY by reducing oxygen demand but does not treat disease
What is supportive oxygen/hydration?
Cancer most associated with “sunburst” periosteal reaction
What is osteosarcoma?
This viral exanthem is most associated with aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease
What is parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum)?
First-line drug for status epilepticus in pediatrics
What is benzodiazepines (e.g., midazolam)?
Most distinguishing clinical feature separating GER from GERD in infants
What is failure to thrive / poor weight gain / irritability?
The diagnostic hallmark that distinguishes croup from bronchiolitis
What is upper airway stridor + barking cough?
Age group + presentation combination most suggestive of ALL
What is 1–5 years + fever, bruising, bone pain, pancytopenia?
This exanthem classically presents with 3 C’s + Koplik spots before rash onset
What is measles (rubeola)?
Medication choice that is contraindicated in absence seizures despite being first-line for most epilepsy
What is carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine (sodium channel blockers)?
This condition requires surgical correction due to risk of enterocolitis
What is Hirschsprung disease?
This finding would make you treat pneumonia as atypical rather than typical
What is older child + diffuse/interstitial pattern + extrapulmonary symptoms?
The key distinguishing feature of neuroblastoma vs Wilms tumor presentation
What is neuroblastoma = systemic symptoms + catecholamine metabolites + metastases (vs Wilms = abdominal mass)?
The key distinguishing feature of hand-foot-mouth disease compared to varicella distribution
What is involvement of palms, soles, and oral mucosa?
Infantile spasms are most strongly associated with this long-term outcome if untreated
What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome + severe developmental delay?
The most appropriate management sequence for functional constipation after diagnosis
What is disimpaction → maintenance PEG therapy → gradual wean + bowel training?
The most appropriate antibiotic choice for outpatient pediatric CAP first-line
What is high-dose amoxicillin (90 mg/kg/day)?
SCFE is most associated with this endocrine/metabolic risk profile
What is obese adolescent male during growth spurt (often endocrine dysfunction like hypothyroidism or GH issues)?