Intro & Classify Me
The time b/w the stimulus and start of the response is RT
1. What type of RT requires the least amount of time?
2. Which type(s) of RT require(s) more time to respond?
1. Simple RT
2. Choice & Discrimination RT
Name 2 motor abilities NOT included in the taxonomy of motor abilities.
Eye-hand coordination, eye-foot coordination, visual acuity, visual tracking, static balance, dynamic balance
2. The reflex arc includes what?
1. Neuron
2. Sensory neuron, interneuron/relay neuron, & motor neuron
What are the number of independent components in a control system and the number of ways each component can vary called?
Degrees of freedome (df)
What are the 3 invariant features of a GMP (Generalized Motor Program)?
Order (sequence), Relative timing, Relative force
Gentile's Taxonomy of Motor Skills includes which components of classification? List all.
1. Body stability/transport
2. Object manipulation
3. Stable/In-motion regulatory conditions
4. Inter-trial variability (yes/no)
N/A
N/A
What is the General Motor Abilities Hypothesis?
Many different motor abilities that exist in an individual are highly related and can be characterized in terms of a singular, global motor ability.
The action of: tossing a wad of paper into a wastebasket that is across the room
Operates under what kind of control?
Open Loop Control System
Order Parameters and Control Parameters are found in which Motor Control Theory?
Dynamical Systems Theory
What is the description of motion w/out regarding force or mass?
How can it be measured?
Kinematics
Displacement, velocity, acceleration, joint angles
Name 3 uses of motor abilities for a teacher/coach/clinician.
1. Predict future performance
2. Evaluate possible causes of motor skill deficiencies
3. Develop activities to improve a variety of skills that have a common motor ability w/in them
1. What is the Specificity of Motor Abilities Hypothesis?
2. List 2 motor abilities that provide evidence for this theory.
1. The many motor abilities in an individual are relatively independent of each other
2. Balance & Timing
1. If you fall and hit your head and see stars, what area of your brain has been most affected?
2. If you are eating a greasy cheeseburger, what part of your brain is assisting w/ your ability to taste it and determine if it's good?
1. Occipital Lobe
2. Temporal Lobe
Stable states are called...
Attractors
2. The angle of the elbows when the bat hits the ball and distance the arms moved are these kind of measures
1. Performance Outcome Measures
2. Performance Production Measures
1. If you wanted to know the magnitude of an athlete's error, which error measurement would you use?
2. If you wanted to determine the direction of an error at the driving range, which error would you choose?
1. Absolute Error (AE)
2. Constant Error (CE)
1. List the 4 lobes of the brain/cerebrum.
2. State which contain the motor cortex and somatosensory cortex.
1. Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, & Occipital
2. Frontal (motor cortex) & Parietal (sensory cortex)
List an open skill w/ inter-trial variability.
Returning a tennis or volleyball serve; defending a soccer goal...
Relative phase is this in the Dynamical Systems Theory.
Order Parameter
1. Motor abilities have been organized into a system called...
2. It divides abilities into which 2 categories?
3. Provide a motor ability example of trunk strength
1. Taxonomy of motor abilities
2. Physical Proficiencies & Perceptual Abilities
3. Ability to do a crunch/sit up; plank
What motor abilities are these examples of?
1. Needle point
2. Pitching a ball
1. Finger dexterity
2. Manual dexterity
What are the three types of neurons and their functions?
1. Efferent/Motor: send signals from CNS (brain) to the skeletal muscle fibers (muscles)
2. Afferent/Sensory: send signals to the CNS (brain)
3. Interneurons/Relay: connect b/w neurons in spinal cord and brain
1. The spatial and temporal coordination of vision and the hands/feet that enables people to perform hand-eye, hand-foot coordination skills is called...
2. Provide a real-life example of it.
1. Perception-Action Coupling
2. Stepping over an object in your path; climbing stairs; size-related pathways
Parameters in the GMP are features we scale to adjust performance. What do we call these parameters in Dynamical Systems? Provide an example.
Control Parameters (e.g., speed, distance)