Bioenergetics
Provides ATP for maximal exercise lasting 30-90 seconds
Anaerobic glycolysis
The maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during high-intensity, longer duration exercise is known as:
VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake
Increases red blood cell production and oxygen-carrying capacity
Erythropoietin
What substrate can only produce ATP anaerobically?
Phosphocreatine
What substrate can only provide ATP anaerobically?
Phosphocreatine
Process when oxygen supply doesn't increase fast enough to meet all the body’s needs
Oxygen deficit
Pancreatic hormones: Insulin _________ blood glucose levels and __________ increases blood glucose levels.
decreases; glucagon
This anabolic hormone promotes the utilization of fat metabolism, muscle growth, and bone development.
Growth Hormone
Metabolic pathway for converting free fatty acids to acetyl-CoA
Beta oxidation
During rest and light-intensity exercise, the RER value will be close to _____ and during vigorous-intensity exercise, the value will be close to ____.
0.7; 1.0
List three negative effects of anabolic steroids.
Cancer (liver, prostate), heart disease, psychological (anger, rage), adverse changes in secondary sexual characteristics
During exercise, the release of this pancreatic hormone is decreased.
Insulin
Two substrates used in both anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative metabolism
Glucose and glycogen
List three determinants of aerobic (endurance) performance.
VO2max, lactate threshold, economy of effort, high type l fibers
The pituitary hormone _________ increases water reabsorption; the adrenal hormone __________ increases __________ and water reabsorption.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); aldosterone; sodium
The final product of glycolysis when sufficient oxygen is present is ____________ and when oxygen is insufficient the product is ___________.
pyruvate; lactate
The final product of glycolysis when sufficient oxygen is present is ____________ and when insufficient oxygen is present is ____________.
pyruvate; lactate
List three causes of EPOC
Restore ATP-PCr; metabolize lactate (lactate to pyruvate); restore oxygen to hemoglobin and myoglobin; oxygen needed for recovery of heart rate and breathing
What three components make up the female athlete triad? What hormone is involved?
Energy deficiency, amenorrhea, low bone mass; estrogen
List three determinants of aerobic (endurance) performance.
VO2max, lactate threshold, economy of effort, type I muscle fibers