Bioenergetics
Phosphagen System, Glycosis System, and Aerobic Metabolism
Identify changes in heart function associated with cardiorespiratory exercise.
Increase in Heart Rate(HR), Stroke Volume(SV), Cardiac Output(Q) and Decrease in resting heart rate and exercise heart rate, stronger heartbeat
Identify the Neurological adaptations that take place with long-term resistant training. Describe.
Adaptation- an individual can send signals faster to the brain with training or increased rate coding
Placed under resistance, the motor unit recruited from smallest to largest
improve the cocontraction of muscle at target joints
increase in synchronization
Discuss 4 different phases of the periodization model covered in class.
Introduction phase- intro to training
Accumulation phase- apply aggressive overload
Peak- Hardest training
Taper- Decrease in volume/intensity
Volume Overload?
Core Exercise?
Structural Exercise?
Volume: Sets x Reps
Volume Overload: sets x reps x weight
Core Exercise: exercise that engages multiple muscles and moves at multiple joints
Structural Exercise: Exercise that engages multiple muscles, and moves at multiple joints and loads spine
Which of the systems are considered anaerobic energy system?
Phosphagen and Glycosis
What is an acute response to cardio?
Increase in HR and Q
What is the ability to send signals through a neuron at a higher frequency?
Rate coding
Peak phase
Hypertrophy?
Atrophy?
Hyperplasia?
Wolf's Law: Bones will adapt to the loads placed on it
Hypertrophy: increase in muscle cell size, an increase of the number and size of myofibers and filament
Atrophy: Decrease muscle cell size, number and size of myofibers and filament
Hyperplasia: Increase number of muscle cells
The Krebs cycle occurs in which portion of the cell?
Mitochondria
True or false: One long-term adaptation to cardio is decreased in heart rate
True
___ when signals are sent to both agonist and antagonist muscles?
Cocontraction
Which phase of training can one expect the lowest exposure to volume/intensity?
Oxidative system
Actin
Myosin
Specificity
Oxidative system: Primary source of ATP at rest and during long-duration activities
Actin: Thin filament, containing a binding site for myosin, site is revealed when calcium is present, does not change length
Myosin: Thick filament, has tail and head, doesn't change in length, increase in size and quantity
Specificity: increase bone density
Light load= light stimulus for bone growth
Heavy load= Strong stimulus for bone growthWhich produces ATP the slowest?
Aerobic metabolism
Formula for cardiac output (Q)?
Q= SV x HR
T or F: Highly trained individuals can selectively recruit larger motor units.
True
What is Macrocycle?
What is a Microcycle?
Macrocycle: long-term, annual plan, Goal
Microcycle: smaller, shorter phase of training, focus on particular training
Type 1
Type 2
Type 1: Slow Twitch; less forceful contractions, smaller fiber size, Low Anaerobic & High Aerobic capacity
Type 2: Fast Twitch; more forceful contractions, bigger fiber size, Low Aerobic & High Anaerobic
Which produces the Greatest amount of energy?
True or False: Glycosis is the breakdown of proteins to create energy.
Aerobic
False, glycolysis is the breakdown of carbs (glucose in blood and glycogen in the muscle)
During a single aerobic exercise session, oxygen is delivered to working muscles at an elevated rate due to an increase in what?
Cardiac Output (Q)
Systolic BP:
Diastolic BP:
Hypertension:
Pressure in blood vessels when heart beats
Pressure in blood vessels rest between beats
Abnormally high blood pressure
What is GAS and its stages?
General Adaptation System
Stage 1: Reaction to stress
Stage 2: Resistance
Stage 3: Exhaustion