A
Which of the following is a component of the definition of development?
A) Development is a continuous process
B) Development is related to (but not dependent on) age.
C) Development is a discrete process
D) A and B
D) A and B
A constraint:
A) Limits or permits movement
B) Discourages or encourages movement
C) Can be positive and negative
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
E) A, B, and C
The maturational perspective explains the developmental change as a function of maturational processes, in particular through the development of the:
A) Physical body
B) Muscular system
C) Peripheral nervous system
D) Central nervous system
D) Central nervous system
Which of the following are two branches of the ecological perspective?
A) Maturational and information processing
B) Dynamic systems and perception-action
C) Maturational and dynamic systems
D) Perception-action and maturational
B) Dynamic systems and perception-action
Motion and stability are affected tremendously by the interaction of:
A) Constraints
B) Affordances
C) Growth
D) Attractor states
A) Constraints
An increase in weight is an example of:
A) Maturation
B) Physical growth
C) Motor development
D) constraint
B) Physical growth
Research participants are asked to throw darts at a target to measure accuracy. The participants throw from three distances: 5 feet, 10 feet, and 15 feet. The distance of the throw is an example of what kind of constraint?
A) Task
B) Individual
C) Structural
D) Functional
A) Task
Arnold Gesell, a proponent of the maturational perspective, explained maturation as a process controlled by _____ rather than _____ factors.
A) Internal; external
B) Functional; structural
C) External; internal
D) environmental ; genetic
A) Internal; external
The term rate limiters are related to which perspective of development?
A) Information processing
B) Maturational
C) Descriptive
D) Dynamic systems
D) Dynamic systems
What does Newton’s 1st law of motion state?
A) You must apply force to a stationary object to move it and to a moving object to change its movement.
B) The acceleration of a person or object is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.
C) For every force you exert on an object, the object exerts an equal force back on you in the opposite direction.
D) Gravity is inversely proportional to force multiplied by mass.
A) You must apply force to a stationary object to move it and to a moving object to change its movement.
Psychological _____ is a qualitative advance in biological makeup that often makes it difficult to tell individual differences from observation alone.
A) Maturation
B) Physical growth
C) Motor development
D) Constraint
A) Maturation
Functional constraints relate to behavioral function. Which of the following is an example of a functional constraint?
A) Vision acuity
B) Arm length
C) Attentional focus
D) Leg strength
C) Attentional focus
The normative descriptive period emphasized the _____ to describe children's average performance.
A) Growth and maturation products
B) Qualitative scores
C) Biomechanics descriptions
D) Qualitative scores
B) Qualitative scores
The dynamic system approach differs from the maturational perspective in which of the following ways?
A) Dynamic systems focus on many systems that contribute to the development, while the maturational perspective focuses on only one.
B) Dynamic systems allow for the study of development across the life span, while the maturational perspective does not.
C) Dynamic systems only focus on quantitative changes, while the maturational perspective focuses on only growth and maturation of one system.
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
D) A and B
What does Newton’s 2nd law of motion state?
A) You must apply force to a stationary object to move it and to a moving object to change its movement.
B) For every force you exert on an object, the object exerts an equal force back on you in the opposite direction.
C) Gravity is inversely proportional to force multiplied by mass.
D) The acceleration of a person or object is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.
D) The acceleration of a person or object is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Physical growth and maturation are an example of which type of constraint of Newell’s model?
A) Environmental
B) Structural
C) Functional
D) Task
B) Structural
A longitudinal research study involves observing the same individual or group for how long?
A) For at least 1 month
B) For at least 1 year
C) At only one point in time
D) On numerous occasions over time
D) On numerous occasions over time
Which researcher led the biomechanical descriptive period?
A) Arnold Gessell
B) Albert Bandura
C) Myrtle McGraw
D) Ruth Glassow
D) Ruth Glassow
The perception action approach uses which of the following terms?
A) Body scaling and affordance
B) Phase shifts and products
C) Process and phase shifts
D) Affordance and biomechanical description
A) Body scaling and affordance
What does Newtons 3rd law of motion state?
A) Gravity is inversely proportional to force multiplied by mass.
B) The acceleration of a person or object is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.
C) For every force you exert on an object, the object exerts an equal force back on you in the opposite direction.
D) You must apply force to a stationary object to move it and to a moving object to change its movement.
C) For every force you exert on an object, the object exerts an equal force back on you in the opposite direction.
What constraints are external to the body?
A) Task
B) Environmental
C) Structural
D) A and B
D) A and B
The observation that many children perform many of the same motor skills while demonstrating individual differences highlights which two concepts in motor development?
A) Motor development versus motor control
B) Universality versus variability
C) Individual versus structural constraints
D) No answer text provided
B) Universality versus variability
The information processing perspective holds that the human brain acts like:
A) An ecosystem
B) A pendulum
C) A video game
D) A computer
D) A computer
The period starting in 2008 has seen increased interest in interrelationships between motor skill competence and which of the following?
A) Physical activity levels
B) Health-related fitness
C) Body composition or weight status
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C
E) A, B, and C
Which group would adopt stability movement strategies?
A) New walkers
B) Walkers with 4 months of independent walking experience
C) Proficient walkers
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C
A) New walkers