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Concussion/Head
Brain Injury Testing, Tx, & RTP
Cervical Injuries
Cervical Evaluation & RTP
Ear, Nose, Throat, Mouth
100
This type of dysfunction/damage to the brain results from a concussion.
What is functional? (Symptoms result from functional disturbances rather than structural damage)
100
These are appropriate tx recommendations immediately following concussion
What are physical and cognitive rest, avoid spicy food, refrain from driving if symptomatic, avoid OTC pain medications (Tylenol if necessary), sleep ok if previously monitored…?
100
This injury can be described as “popping or clicking”
What is facet joint dysfunction?
100
This region is tested for brachial plexus pathology using a dermatome, myotome, and reflex screen
What is C5-T1?
100
This injury results from blood pooling and hematoma scarring the tissue
What is auricular hematoma?
200
This is the description of a contra-coup mechanism.
What is a force that results in the brain hitting the opposite side of the skull?
200
The BESS involves 6 stances on firm and foam surfaces for this amount of time.
What is 20 seconds?
200
Difficulty breathing after cervical spine trauma may be due to damage to this nerve.
What is the phrenic nerve?
200
These are the components of the Canadian C-spine rules to determine if a radiograph is necessary.
What are if the answer is yes to the following: Not cognitively intact, over 65, fearful of moving neck, dangerous or distraction-type mechanism, midline pain?
200
This test can be used for a mandible and LeFort fracture by having the patient bite on a down on an instrument as the clinician attempts to twist or move it.
What is the tongue blade test?
300
These types of neuroimaging are able to capture subtle differences that may be exhibited after concussion
What are functional magnetic reasonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), single photo emission computed tomography (SPECT)?
300
These is a difference between RTP criteria at different levels of play or locations within the US.
What is gradual return to play in collegiate versus mandatory 7 day return to play in the high school setting in CA? What is the personnel allowed to medically clear a patient to RTP?
300
This region is most susceptible to cervical dislocation
What is C4-C6?
300
These are the requirements for RTP after brachial plexus pathology.
What are full sensation, full ROM, and full strength?
300
This type of eye injury results in sharp pain, feeling of foreign object in the eye, and is often tested using a fluorescein strip.
What is a corneal abrasion?
400
This type of intracranial hemorrhaging results from an arterial bleed with a sudden onset of symptoms.
What is an epidural hematoma? (Side note: Subdural hematomas are more commonly a venous bleed, but arterial bleeds may still occur)
400
Having the patient keep head still and look back and forth with the eyes only assesses this portion of the VOMS2.
What are saccades?
400
Injury near C5-C7, numbness along the lateral shoulder or middle finger, and tx with traction describes this injury
What is an intervertebral disc injury?
400
A special test for radiculopathy used to assess for facet dysfunction, stenosis, and intervertebral disc herniation due to the relief of pain.
What is the cervical distraction test?
400
These are the medical terms for normal vision, nearsightedness, and farsightedness
What are emmetropia, myopia, and hypermetropia?
500
These factors may predispose an individual for concussion or delayed recovery.
What are history of multiple concussions, history of migraines, history of depression, learning disability, onset of dizziness at time of injury…?
500
These are examples of special tests to assess for lateralizing intracranial hemorrhaging
What are hand flip, finger-to-finger, arm raise, leg raise, heel-to-shin…? (Note: Deficits viewed on the opposite side of the hemorrhage.)
500
These are the types of thoracic outlet syndrome.
What are neurogenic, nonspecific, and vascular (least common)? (Note: also review the anatomical triangles and structures within)
500
A special test for thoracic outlet, which may also yield a positive sign after brachial plexus pathology with a stretch mechanism.
What is the costoclavicular syndrome test? (May result in pain or numbness/tingling when arm being stretched. Allen’s test may result in tingling when looking away)
500
These signs and symptoms help differentiate between a ruptured globe and detached retina.
What are black specs on sclera and teardrop pupil (ruptured globe) versus description of flashes of light and loss of portion of visual field?