RER
What is your RER value after walking in and sitting down for 10 minutes?
.8-.85
What is the main supplier of ATP during oxygen deficit?
Carbohydrates
What sources can be used to make new glucose? Must name at least 2 sources.
Amino acids, lactate, glycerol
2,700 kcal (6 L/min x 5 kcal/L = 30 kcal/min)
(30 kcal/min x 90 minutes = 2,700 kcal)
What factors influence our daily energy expenditure?
Bonus 100 points for giving the correct percentages!!
BMR (65-75%)
Physical Activity (15-25%)
Adaptive Thermogenesis (~10%)
What could an RER value below 0.7 tell us? Must name 2 scenarios for full points.
Prolonged starvation, gluconeogenesis.
What 2 variables influence EPOC? (100)
Which has the greatest effect? (100)
Intensity and Duration
Intensity has greatest effect.
How can amino acids be converted into glucose?
They must be converted into pyruvate first.
What fuel source is being relied on when a person's VO2 is 3.5 L/min and their VCO2 is 2.8 L/min?
Fat. (2.8/3.5=0.8)
A fit person weighs 180lbs and an unhealthy person weighs 300 lbs, who has the higher metabolic rate?
The unhealthy person.
What does an RER value of 1.16 mean?
Excessive CO2 production
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!!
What 2 types of recovery are happening during EPOC?
What is happening during each type of recovery?
Must get both parts correct for credit.
Physical and metabolic.
Physical- repairing tissues, lowering breathing rate, blood pressure, heart rate, etc.
Metabolic- replenishing carbohydrate stores that were used during exercise.
What does the body do when carbohydrate intake is low to allow fat metabolism to continue?
Bonus 100 points if you're specific enough (organs and molecules involved)
The body turns excess Acetyl-CoA into ketones in the liver, and those ketones go through the krebs cycle, allowing fat metabolism to continue.
If a person's VO2 is 3.9 L/min and their VCO2 is 3.2 L/min, what percentage of calories burned are coming from fat?
3.2 / 3.9 = .82 --> 61.2% fat
What parameters have to be met for an accurate BMR test? Must name at least 3 components for full credit.
12 hours fast, 24 hours of no exercise, drive to clinic, rest in reclined position/laying down, low light, quiet room.
What is the estimated RER value during oxygen deficit?
How long does oxygen deficit last during intense anaerobic exercise?
Must get both correct for full credit.
Around 0.9
2-3 minutes
Why does RER fall below 0.7 during EPOC? (200)
What process is being used during this time? (200)
Converting excess lactate to glucose.
Cori cycle
What energy sources are used during the first 28 minutes of exercise?
Double points for telling me the amount of time each is used for.
ATP in muscle (0-3 seconds)
Creatine/ATP-PCr (3-20 seconds)
Carbohydrates (20 seconds- 28 minutes)
Person 1 ate 4 meals of 350 kcal
Person 2 ate 6 meals of 340 kcal
Which person experienced the higher DIT?
Person 1, larger meal.
What factors influence energy balance? There are 3.
Energy consumed, energy expended, and fat oxidation.
During an RMR exam, the person's RER was found to be 0.68. Explain what must have happened to cause this and why the RER value is so low.
What could we safely assume happened to their muscle mass?
The person was not consuming enough carbohydrates, so their body converted the amino acids from their muscles into glucose (gluconeogenesis).
We could assume their muscle mass decreased.
Describe how RER would change over the course of a VO2max test.
Include starting value, minute 3 value, peak value, and recovery value.
It would start at around .82, increase to around 0.9 at minute 3, it would peak over 1.0, and it would fall below 0.7 during recovery.
Explain the phrase: fats burn in the carbohydrate flame.
Fats can't be broken down through the krebs cycle when carbohydrate intake is low, because carbs are needed to form OAA, and OAA is needed for the krebs cycle to turn.
If a person exercises for 20 minutes, their VCO2 is 1.9 L/min and their VO2 is 2.6 L/min, how many calories did they expend, and how many carbs were burned (in grams)?
1.9 L/min / 2.6 L/min = .73 --> 4.714 kcal/L
4.714 kcal/L x 2.6 L/min = 12.3 kcal/min
12.3 kcal/min x 20 mins = 246 kcal
246 x .082 = 20.2 kcal carbs
20.2 kcal / 4 kcal/g = 5g carbs
What 2 factors influence adaptive thermogenesis?
Define both factors.
Obligatory- increased energy expenditure after eating
Facultative- heat produced from BAT