Key Terms
Systemic disadvantage of one social group compared to other groups with whom they coexist, caused by embedded bias.
Why are people in the healthcare community shifting away from the phrase "culturally competent"?
You cannot become "competent" in a culture just by learning about it. We emphasize cultural humility instead!
True or false: Social and economic factors contribute twice as much to health outcomes as clinical care
True
Define the SDOH
The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, and people’s access to power, money and resources that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes
Define gerrymandering
Manipulation of boundaries of an electoral constituency with the intent to create undue advantage for a particular party, group, or class.
What does UBI stand for?
Universal Basic Income
Unconditional income provided to all citizens, regardless of employment or income status.
What are some barriers experienced by those living in rural settings?
Limited access to hospitals/clinics, transportation challenges
Explain the "broken bridge" metaphor
It's important to consider the root cause of health issues. They're not always immediately apparent. It may seem like people are "falling into the water" because of personal challenges (like tripping), but if we look further, we may find that broken systems are causing them to "fall."
Define intersectionality
The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, gender, as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage
What is the difference between income and wealth?
Income is from a single year and is money from employment, retirement, and pension payments, and interest or dividends from investments or other assets. Income can fluctuate from year to year and is influenced by life stage and employment status.
Wealth is accumulated over time through economic assets minus outstanding debts and liabilities. It can be measured at a single point in time and may give a more complete picture of economic resources.
What is the upstream approach to health equity?
Focuses on addressing the root causes of poor health, not just symptoms, to create conditions where all have equitable opportunities to achieve health
Name three of the SDOH
-Education access and quality
-Economic stability
-Social and community context
-Neighborhood and Built environment
-Health Care access and quality
Define a food desert
An area where residents have limited access to affordable, fresh, and nutritious food, often due to distance, low income, or lack of transportation.
What is the difference between Medicare and Medicaid?
-Medicare is a federal health insurance program primarily for individuals aged 65 and older, as well as younger individuals with certain disabilities or permanent kidney failure. Enrollment is generally handled through the Social Security Administration, and the program is funded in part through payroll taxes (FICA).
-Medicaid provides health insurance to eligible individuals with low incomes, regardless of age, and is jointly funded by the federal and state governments. Unlike Medicare, Medicaid is a noncontributory program, meaning individuals do not pay into it through payroll taxes to qualify.
What is the affordable housing crisis?
The U.S. is facing a shortage of affordable rental housing. High-end construction is booming while low-cost units decline.
Nearly 75% of lowest-income renters spend over half their income on rent, leaving little for food, health care, and child care.
Describe interventions to improve someone's experience of their Neighborhood and Built Environment at three levels of the SEM
Individual level: Encourage walking or biking in safe areas and help them identify nearby parks and healthy food options.
Interpersonal level: Encourage families, friends, and neighbors to walk together, share transportation, and support one another in accessing safe neighborhood spaces
Organizational level: Encourage schools, workplaces, and healthcare organizations to provide safe outdoor spaces, improve building accessibility, offer transportation assistance, and connect people with local housing and food resources.
Community level: Organize neighborhood cleanups, improve parks and sidewalks, increase access to grocery stores and public transportation, and promote community safety initiatives.
Policy level: Advocate for affordable housing, safer streets, improved public transportation, better environmental regulations, and equitable access to green/blue spaces.
Define a "blue space"
Name and define CHIP
CHIP stands for Children's Health Insurance Program.
CHIP is a joint federal and state program that targets low-income children ineligible for Medicaid.
What percentage of income spent on housing is considered a severe housing cost burden?
50% or more
Identify three different ways that Education access and quality impacts health outcomes.
Knowledge and Skills: improve health literacy, coping, and decision-making.
Employment and Income: shape job opportunities and access to health insurance.
Social and Psychological Factors: build self-efficacy, social status, and networks that support health.