Basic Terminology (day 1)
definition of osteokinematics
relationship of the movement of bones around a joint axis (ex- flexion, extension, hyperextension, etc)
describe the epiphysis
the end of bone (osseous in adults, cartilaginous epiphyseal plate in growing years)
describe the two types of fibrous joints
synarthrosis: suture joint, no movement
sydesmosis: ligamentous joint, small amount of twisting or streching movement can occur
describe a non axial joint
movement tends to be linear instead of angular, joint surfaces are relatively flat and glide over each other, motion occurs secondary to other joint motion
describe the sagittal plane and the axis that corresponds with it
sagittal plane: passes through the body front to back and divides the body in right and left parts
frontal axis:a point that runs through a joint from side to side
the human body in an upright position, eyes forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at sides of body with palms facing forward (forearms supinated)
describe the diaphysis
shaft of bone, made of compact bone
describe a cartilaginous joint
hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage, AKA "amphiarthrodial", allows a small amount of motion
describe a uniaxial joint
motion occurs in one plane around one axis, "hinge joints"
describe the frontal plane and the axis that corresponds with it
frontal plane: passes through the body from side to side and divides the body into front and back parts (AKA coronal plane)
sagittal axis: a point that runs through a joint from front to back
definition of cephalad
(AKA cranial)- position or structure close to the head
describe metaphysis
flared portion at end of diaphysis (cancellous bone)
describe a synovial joint
no direct union between bone ends, AKA diarthrodial.
has a cavity that is filled with synovial fluid
motion occurs in two different planes around two different axes
transverse plane: passes through the body horizontally and divides the body into top and bottom parts (AKA horizontal plane)
vertical axis: a point that runs through a joint from top to bottom
describe linear (translatory) movement
all parts of the object move the same distance, in the same direction, at the same time (ex- walking and running)
describe periosteum
thin fibrous membrane covering all the bone except the articular surfaces
describe the outer layer of a synovial joint capsule
outer layer: strong fibrous tissue that holds the joint together
describe a saddle joint
bones fit together like horseback rider in a saddle
describe the cardinal plane
when any of the other planes divides the body into equal parts. (where the three cardinal planes intersect is the COG (C2))
describe angular (rotary) rotation
movement inside the body (ex- humeral head moving within the glenoid cavity)
describe the medullary canal
contains marrow and allows nutrient transport, decreases weight of bone
describe the inner layer of a synovial joint capsule
inner layer: lined with synovial membrane that secretes the synovial fluid
describe a triaxial joint
motion occurs in all three planes around all three axes, AKA "ball and socket" and "multiaxial"
match the following with the plane that they act in:
1-Flexion:
2- horizontal abduction
3-hyperextension
4-radial deviation
5-pronation
1-sagittal
2-transverse
3-sagittal
4-frontal
5-transverse