Muscle Actions & Biomechanics
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for knee extension?
Quadriceps
A patient complains of heel pain that’s worst in the morning and improves with activity. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Total knee arthroplasty typically involves replacement of which joint components?
What are the femoral condyles, tibial plateau, and patella
Damage to which nerve commonly results in wrist drop?
Radial nerve
A patient with excessive anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur most likely has an injury to which ligament?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction for the first 15 degrees before the deltoid takes over?
Supraspinatus
Foot drop is typically caused by damage to which nerve?
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
What type of kinetic chain movement occurs at the knees during a squat
closed-chain movement
Which plexus provides innervation to the upper extremities?
Brachial plexus
Which type of lever is most common in the human body, maximizing speed and range of motion?
Third-class lever
Which movement in the ankle is most important for propelling the body forward while walking?
Plantar Flexion
A patient presents with genu valgum. How will their knees appear?
angling inward (knock knees)
Which joint allows the mandible to articulate with the skull for mastication?
Temporomandibular joint
A patient has radiating pain down their leg due to L5 nerve root compression. This is called:
Radiculopathy
A patient recovering from a total hip arthroplasty (posterolateral approach) should avoid which movement strategy when standing?
Leaning forward while standing
Which myotome (level) produces elbow flexion?
C6
Pes planus is a condition commonly referred to as:
Flat feet
If a muscle origin is located on the later surface of the fibula and inserts at the proximal fifth metatarsal, what actions does that muscle perform?
Ankle eversion?
Which nerve injury would impair dorsiflexion and result in foot drop?
The common fibular (peroneal) nerve
What gait deviation is most likely in a patient with weak ankle dorsiflexors?
Difficulty clearing the foot during the swing phase?
A patient with an Achilles tendon rupture would have difficulty performing which movement?
Plantar Flexion
A patient increased their running distance and now has posterior heel pain aggravated by dorsiflexion. What is the likely diagnosis?
Achilles tendinitis
Which movement occurs at the hip during the push-off phase of walking?
Hip extension
Which facial muscle closes the eyelids during squinting or when expressing pain?
Orbicularis oculi
A construction worker with a rotator cuff tear can reduce strain during overhead work by:
Using a step ladder or adjustable workspace to minimize overhead reaching?