Planes, Axes & Motion
Identify the plane and axis for elbow flexion.
What is sagittal plane and frontal (M-L) axis?
Muscle that primarily produces a movement.
What is the agonist?
A joint with 3 degrees of freedom (hip/shoulder).
What is a triaxial joint?
Muscle group that extends the elbow.
What is the triceps brachii?
Most common lever type in the human body.
What is a 3rd class lever?
A movement occurring around the longitudinal axis takes place in what plane?
What is the transverse plane?
Muscle contraction where length does NOT change.
What is an isometric contraction?
Joint position with maximal congruency and stability.
What is closed packed position?
Nerve that innervates wrist and finger extensors.
What is the radial nerve?
Knee joint type and axis classification.
What is a modified hinge, biaxial joint?
Shoulder external rotation occurs in what plane and around what axis?
What is transverse plane and longitudinal (S-I) axis?
Muscle property allowing it to return to original length after stretch.
What is elasticity?
Convex-on-concave rule: convex surface moves relative to distal segment in what direction?
What is opposite direction?
Injury involving upper trunk of brachial plexus affecting C5–C6.
What is Erb’s palsy?
Muscle group primarily responsible for knee extension.
What is the bicep femoris group?
Lateral flexion of trunk occurs in what plane and axis combination?
What is frontal plane and sagittal (A-P) axis?
Contraction type where muscle shortens while producing force.
What is concentric contraction?
Joint with least stability due to minimal contact surface area.
What is a shallow (less congruent) synovial joint like the shoulder?
Rotator cuff muscles that externally rotates the humerus.
What is supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor?
Ligament structures that prevent tibial abduction and adduction.
What are the ACL and PCL?
Oblique plane motion differs from cardinal planes because it:
What is passes through the body at an angle combining multiple planes of motion?
Muscle role that prevents unwanted motion at the distal attachment of a working muscle.
What is a neutralizer?
Open-chain vs closed-chain is defined by this difference in segment movement.
What is whether the distal segment is free or fixed?
Correct order of brachial plexus organization from proximal to distal.
What are roots → trunks → divisions → cords → branches?
Torque is most directly influenced by this biomechanical factor.
What is lever arm length?