Lecture 3
Does the pivot joint spin, glide or roll?
Spin
Does the plane joint spin, glide, or roll?
What are the functions of the vertebral column?
- protects the spinal cord
- links extremities
- provides a stable base, a source of attachment
- support and pivot point for head and neck
- trunk flexibility/ mobility
allows for movement in all planes of the body
What does a severe hunch back indicate?
Kyphosis in the thoracic spine
Where are the anterior processes in:
cervical spine
thoracic spine
lumbar spine
- diagonal between sagittal and frontal planes
- frontal plane
-sagittal plane
Does the ball and socket joint spin, glide or roll?
Roll
What is the convex on concave rule?
When a convex joint surface moves on a concave joint surface, the roll and slide occur in the opposite direction
What is scoliosis?
A pathological curve in the frontal plane causing rotation of the vertebrae.
What is the prime movement for the
- prevertebral group?
-sternocleidomastoid?
- splenius wapitis and cervicis?
- prevertebral= Flexion
- sternocleidomastoid= flexion, lateral flexion, rotation to the opposite side
- splenius= extension, lateral flexion, rotation to the same side
What are the two type of joints?
- facet joint (synovial)
- intervertebral joint (non- synovial)
What is the concave on convex rule?
When a concave surface moves on a stationary surface the roll and slide occur in the same direction.
Where is the center of gravity in people?
- generally lies a little anterior of S2 vertebra
-exact location varies by person
- men tend to have a higher COG
-COG changes over time
- lowers as body proportions change with age
- approximately 4/9th or 45% of the length of the moving segment measured from the axis to the end of the segment
What is the prime movement for:
-erector spine group?
transversospinalis?
- extension, lateral flexion, rotation to the same side
- extension, lateral flexion, rotation to opposite side
What are the prime actions:
- rectus abdominus
- external obliques
- internal obliques
- flexion, rotation to opposite side, flexion, lateral flexion
- rotation to same side, flexion, lateral flexion
What is the third class lever?
Example
Effort force and resistance force are on the same side of the axis. effort force lies between the resistance force and the axis of rotation A-E-R
bicep curl
tweezers
What are the 4 components to levers?
- a rigid bar (bone in the body)
- an exit, point of rotation (joint) (A)
- an effort force (muscles) (E)
- a resistance force (gravity) (R)
What does the A, E, and R stand for in levers?
E= effort force that is attempting to cause the motion
R= resistance force that is resisting motion
A= axis?
What are the prime actions:
- quadrates lumborum
- iliopsoas
- lateral flexion
- flexion
What way do the facet joints face of the lumbar region?
- superior facets face medially and posteriorly
- inferior facets face laterally and anteriorly
What is mechanical advantage?
-it measures the efficiency of the lever
-a ratio between the effort arm and the resistance arm
- increased effort arm= increased mechanical advantage
What is the first class lever?
Example
effort force and resistance force are on either side of the axis. E-A-R
headed looking down to up
Example
Effort force and resistance force are on the same side of the axis. Resistance force lies between the effort force and the axis of rotation A-R-E
nut cracking
What way do the facet joints face in the thoracic region?
- superior facets face posteriorly and laterally
- inferior facets face anteriorly and medially
What way do the facet joints face for the cervical region?
- superior facets face superiorly and medially
- inferior facets face inferiorly and laterally
What is torque?
The ability of a force to cause rotation of the lever
- two components are force and moment arm