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Energy Vocab
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
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Energy Changes
100

This is the ability to do work or cause change

What is energy?

100

A soccer ball is sitting still on the ground. Does it have kinetic energy?

No, because it is not moving.

100
"Stored energy" is one way to describe this type of energy

What is potential energy?

100

A ball speeds up. Does it have more or less kinetic energy?

More

100

A skateboarder is standing still at the top of a ramp. As the skateboarder begins moving down the ramp, this type of energy increases.

What is kinetic energy

200

This type of energy is the energy an object has due to its motion

What is kinetic energy?

200

A tennis player hits two identical tennis balls with his racket. The second ball moves across the court twice as fast as the first ball. Which ball has more kinetic energy?

The second ball, due to its greater speed.

200

A book sitting on a high shelf has more of this kind of energy than a book on a lower shelf

What is gravitational potential energy?

200

A backpack is lifted from the floor to a high shelf. Does it have more or less gravitational potential energy?

More

200

As a falling object gets closer to the ground, it has less and less of this kind of potential energy

What is gravitational potential energy

300

This is the energy an object has because of its position; or, stored energy

What is potential energy?
300
Two sledders are moving at the same speed down a snowy hill. Both sleds have the same mass. The first sledder has a mass of 30kg, and the second has a mass of 36kg. Which one has more kinetic energy?

The second sledder, because of his/her greater mass.

300
A stretched rubber band has this type of potential energy

What is elastic potential energy?

300

A sled moves down a hill. Does it have more or less gravitational potential energy at the bottom?

Less

300

A roller coaster starts at the top of a hill and moves downward. As it loses gravitational potential energy, it gains more _____________ energy.

What is kinetic

400

This type of potential energy depends on an object's height

What is gravitational potential energy?
400

Kinetic energy is calculated by multiplying an object's mass by this factor, squared 

What is velocity/speed?

400

As an object is lifted higher above the ground, its gravitational potential energy (increases/decreases)

Increases

400

Two identical objects are moving at the same speed. Object A has twice the mass of object B. Which object has more kinetic energy?

Object A

400

A person lifts a backpack from 1 m above the ground to 5 m above the ground. The backpack's gravitational potential energy (increases/decreases)

What is increases

500

This type of potential energy is found in objects that are stretched or compressed

What is elastic potential energy?

500

On a morning ride, a biker weighing 100 kg travels at 5 m/s. On an evening ride, the same biker travels at 10 m/s. On which ride did the biker have more kinetic energy? (bonus: 100 extra points if you can say how much kinetic energy the biker had)

The evening ride, because of his greater speed. At 100 kg and 10m/s, he had 5,000 J of kinetic energy.
500
A rubber band is stretched around several different fruits: an apple, a grapefruit, and a watermelon. The rubber band has the most elastic potential energy stretched around which fruit?
Watermelon
500

A roller coaster moves down from the top of a hill toward the bottom, and picks up speed. Name what happens to both its potential and kinetic energy.


Potential energy decreases; kinetic energy increases

500

An object with 20-N (a measurement of weight) is moved from 2 m to 6 m above the ground. Calculate its GPE at both heights and explain what changed.

At 2m: 40 J

At 6m: 120 J

The GPE increased because height increased.