Trunk and Spine
In which plane of motion does lateral flexion occur?
Frontal plane
A muscle that crosses the anterior hip joint will include which action?
Hip flexion
The _____ aspect and structures of the knee joint are larger due to increased weightbearing responsibility
Medial
In the eccentric (down) portion of a barbell back squat, what muscles will keep you from falling forward?
Erector spinae
Wearing away of the articular cartilage at a joint is known as
Osteoarthritis
The deepest layer of the core muscle group is called
Name the 3 muscles of the posterior thigh compartment from medial to lateral insertions
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
What ligament is most commonly injured in a "dashboard" injury?
PCL
If you are in a push-up position and lift your right hand to touch your left shoulder, what muscles will prevent your pelvis from moving in the transverse plane?
Right internal and left external obliques
Common findings on X-rays of osteoarthritis include sclerosis (thickening, opaqueness) and osteophytes (bone spurs). These are both examples of what adaptation at the bone?
Wolff's Law
What is the normal curve of the thoracic spine known as?
Kyphosis
What common tendon for the hip joint provides a great deal of stability distally at the lateral knee?
The medial meniscus is torn more commonly due to insertion of what ligament along its periphery?
MCL
In the down portion of a lunge, which muscle group at the knee is eccentrically active?
Quadriceps
Compound movements (squat, lunge, deadlift, etc) advantage the length-tension curve of what type of muscles?
Biarticular
A fracture of the pars causing slippage of a vertebra on top of another vertebra is diagnosed as
Spondylolisthesis
Your client comes in for a session and you note that with each step, their opposite hip drops in the frontal plane. What is the agonist for this motion that is weak?
Glute med/hip abductors
The unhappy triad consists of injuries/tears to what 3 structures?
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
In a plank position, what pair of muscles control the position of the pelvis to prevent anterior tilt?
T or F: muscles of the core are always best trained in their concentric actions
False; they contribute just as much being anti-movers!
The most common cause of disc herniations is a combination of what two motions, and occurs in what direction?
Loaded flexion + rotation; posterior
Which muscle group at the hip attaches along the entire length of linea aspera?
Adductors
During the last 20-30 deg of knee extension, the tibia must rotate to clear the medial condyles. This is known as the _______ mechanism.
Screw-home
Your client complains of knee pain with squatting, and you notice their knees dive in when trying to stand up concentrically. What muscles need to be cued to improve this issue?
Glute med (hand/band on the outside of the knee)
The line of pull of the quadriceps group, from the ASIS to center of the patella, is known as
Q-angle
Movement of the bilateral hips into flexion will cause what relative motion at the lumbar spine?
The opposite movement of the sacrum and the ilium to stabilize the lumbar spine during unilateral motion is known as
nutation
What common injury mechanism combines relative flexion, abduction, and internal rotation at the knee?
Dynamic valgus
In the eccentric (down) portion of a squat, which muscle group is passively moving at the knee?
Hamstrings
Curves of the spine in the frontal plane are otherwise known as
Scoliosis