KNES 373 CH 24/31

CHAPTER 24

100

THIS ALTITUDE BEGINS TO INDICATE "HIGH ALTITUDE"

3048m

200

THESE CHANGES ARE SEEN IN V_E AND VO_2MAX WITH INCREASES IN ALTITUDE

OVERALL DECREASE IN BOTH V_E AND VO_2MAX, ESPECIALLY WITH HIGHER ALTITUDES

300

THIS FACTOR RELATES TO AN INCREASE IN FLUID LOSS AT HIGHER ALTITUDES

Ambient air in mountainous regions remains
cool and dry, allowing body water to evaporate
as inspired air becomes warmed and moistened in respiratory passages

400

THE HEMATOLOGIC CHANGE OF INCREASED OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE BLOOD DURING LONG-TERM ALTITUDE IS INFLUENCED BY THESE TWO FACTORS 

1. Initial decrease in plasma volume

2. Increase in erythrocytes and hemoglobin synthesis

500

THIS ALTITUDE RELATED ILLNESS IS DUE TO FLUID ACCUMULATION IN THE BRAIN THAT RELATES TO NEUROLOGIC SYNDROME THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS

HIGH-ALTITUDE CEREBRAL EDEMA

CHAPTER 31

100

HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY IS DEFINED AS THIS

Expected number of years living with full health

200

THIS CHANGE IS GENERALLY SEEN IN MAX HEART RATE AS WE AGE

DECREASE (220 - AGE)

300

WHEN LOOKING AT THE EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH, LIVING THIS TYPE OF LIFESTYLE CAN RELATE TO A DOUBLED CHANCE OF DEVELOPING CORONARY HEART DISEASE

SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE

400

ANDROPAUSE AND MENOPAUSE ARE PROCESSES THAT CAN OCCUR BECAUSE OF A DECREASE IN THE RELEASE OF THESE PRECURSOR HORMONES

FSH + LH (GONADOTROPIC HORMONES)

500

THIS AMINO ACID IS HIGHLY RELATED TO HEART ATTACK AND MORTALITY IN MEN AND WOMEN - HIGH LEVELS OF THIS ARE ESSENTIAL A "LOCK" FOR HEART DISEASE

HOMOCYSTEINE

EVEREST

100

ACCLIMATION IS DEFINED BY THIS

ACCOMMODATION TO LABORATORY-SIMULATED ALTITUDE CHANGES

200

WITH IMMEDIATE ALTITUDE EXPOSURE, THESE TWO ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE IMMEDIATELY

1. Increase in respiratory drive to produce hyperventilation

2. Increase in blood flow during rest and submaximal exercise

300

THE "LACTATE PARADOX" IS DEFINED AS THIS

AT GREATER THAN 4000m, THERE IS A DECREASE IN ACCUMULATION OF LACTATE BECAUSE OF A DECREASE IN CATECHOLAMINE RELEASE AND GLUCOSE-MOBILIZATION BEYOND THIS ALTITUDE

400

ALTITUDE EXPOSURE REDUCES OVERALL BODY MASS AND BODY FAT VIA THESE TWO MECHANISMS

▪Depressed appetite reduces caloric intake

▪Increased BMR

500

THIS TIME FOR A RACE WOULD HAVE THE LARGEST IMPACT TO IT FROM HIGHER ALTITUDES (EVERYONE WOULD GO ~25% SLOWER)

2-3 HOURS+

OLD FOLKS

100

THIS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS THE MOST ACCESSIBLE TO HUMANS (WITHOUT DISABILITY)

WALKING

200

MAXIMUM STRENGTH IS GENERALLY NOTED IN PEOPLE BETWEEN THESE AGES

20-40

300

THESE TWO PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES CAN OCCUR WITH RESISTANCE TRAINING IN OLDER ADULTS

INCREASE IN BONE DENSITY

DECREASE IN MUSCLE LOSS WITH AGING

400

THIS RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF HEART DISEASE RISK FACTORS PRESENT AND THE LIKELIHOOD OF HAVING A CARDIAC EMERGENCY

EXPONENTIAL (for each risk factor, the odds go up significantly of having a cardiac emergency)

500

TWO OF THESE FOUR VARIABLES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR LIPOPROTEIN OR CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN AGING ADULTS

•Cigarette smoking

•Diet high in saturated fatty acids and
pre-formed cholesterol and trans fatty acids

•Emotionally stressful situations

•Oral contraceptives