Equilibrium
Define equilibrium
A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced
What is a reversible reaction
A reversible reaction is one in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously.
The atomic Number is the same as the ---and the --- of an atom
# of protons and # of electrons
How do metal ions form ions?
They lose electrons in order to gain proton
What is an atom?
The smallest part of matter
What are the 3 different types of equilibrium?
Phase, solution and chemical
Define Entropy
Entropy (S) is a measure of the disorder (randomness) of a system
What groups contain halogens?
17
Define a chemical bond
Chemical bonds are lasting attractions between ions, atoms, or molecules that enable chemically formulated compounds.
What is the energy level?
Space outside the nucleus where the electrons orbit
Define phase equilibrium
The rate of the forward phase change EQUALS
the rate of the reverse phase change.
What is the collision therory?
According to collision theory, atoms, ions, and molecules must collide to react.
A reaction will occur if:
The colliding particles have enough kinetic energy.
The particles collide with the correct orientation
What groups contain nobel gasses
18
What combination of elements forms covalent bonds?
A non-metal atom and another non-metal atom
What is the atomic number of potassium
19
Define solution equilibrium
Solids in Liquids: Formed when a solution is
SATURATED. The rate of DISSOLVING equals
the rate of PRECIPITATING. Gasses in Liquids
Name two things that affect reaction rate
Temp, the concentration of reactants, the surface area of cold reactant, Catalysts, and Pressure of gaseous reactants or products
The mass number- the number of protons= what
Neutrons
What happens when sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride?
Electrons transfer from sodium atoms to chlorine atoms
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
Define chemical equilibrium
The rate of the forward and reverse reactions are
equal. Concentrations are constant but not equal.
What is potential energy?
The minimum energy needed by colliding reactant particles is called the activation energy
The distance from the nucleus to the furthest point is what?
The atomic radius
What makes a metal ductile?
The metal is arranged in layers
Number of protons for carbon
6