Chapter 1
True or False: A movement that can be used to accomplish many different action goals highlights the one-to-man relationship between movements and actions.
True
True or false: Kinematics studies how force influences motion?
False
True or false: People who are highly skilled at a variety of tasks, even if those tasks all have low correspondence, are uncommon.
True
True or False: Damage to the cerebellum typically results in clumsy movements
True
True or False: A benefit of a basic understanding of motor control theory is that it provides the practitioner with a base of support on which he/she/they can develop effective skill instruction and practice environments.
True
What are the three characteristics of a motor skill?
Action goal
Voluntary
Require movement of the joints and body segments
Which type of reaction time SHOULD produce the slowest time?
Discrimination Reaction Time
How many physical motor abilities are listed within Fleishman's taxonomy?
9
Parkinson's disease results from a dysfunction of this area of the brain
Basal Ganglia
What is the MAIN difference between and open-loop system and a closed-loop system?
If a motor skill requires the use of large musculature and does not require precision of movement for successful performance, then the skill would be best classified as what?
Gross Motor Skill
To determine muscle activation patterns, what measurement method should be used?
EMG (electromyography)
Tom is a movement control researcher and his colleague, Josh, believes that athletes who are skilled in one motor ability are highly skilled in all motor abilities. Tom, however, would argue that just because an athlete is good at one motor ability would not predict they are good at others because motor abilities are independent. What hypothesis is Tom arguing for?
Specific Motor Ability
The nerve fiber that transmits information from the neuron is the:
Axon
The action of throwing a dart at a dashboard is an example of a motor skill that is controlled by what type of system?
Open-loop system
Shifting from second to third gear in a car with a manual transmission (stick shift) is an example of what type of motor skill? (Hint: where does the action begin and end)
Serial
A track coach is trying to figure out how her sprinters improved over the offseason. She decides the best way to do this is to measure their acceleration during a 100m sprint which is what type of measurement?
Performance Production
An individual capacity that underlies performance
The motor unit recruitment principle shows that motor units are recruited in what order?
Smallest to largest (size principle)
What are the two issues to be explained by motor control theories?
Coordination & Degrees of Freedom
A softball player throws pitches to a stationary, cardboard but-out of a batter. The environmental context for the pitcher is (Hint: two parts):
Stationary
No Inter-trial Variability
Molly is practicing throwing darts. During practices she notices that her darts go into different sports on the board on every attempt, always missing the center target. What is this an example of?
Consistency Performance Problem
Will take:
- Variable Error
What is one ability that I mentioned in class that is NOT included in Fleishman's taxonomy?
Static Balance
Will take:
Balance
This area of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for organizing movements before they are initiated
What are the two components of coordination?
Body & limb movement patterns
Environmental objects and events