Chapter 6
Explain what the Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized and how it affected Native tribes.
Authorized land exchanges and led to forced removals.
What was the primary tactic the U.S. government used to first gain Chickasaw lands, and what did the Chickasaws cede in 1805 as a result?
The government set up trading posts, and encouraged the Chickasaws to use credit to build up debts. In 1805, the Chickasaws ceded all their lands north of the Tennessee River in payment of their $12,000 debt.
Describe the goals of the Boomer Movement and the role of David L. Payne.
Payne organized settlers to open the Unassigned Lands illegally.
Andrew Jackson
President pushing Indian Removal
Trail of Tears, why did it happen?
Indians were on land that US Government wanted for white settlers. Racism. Greed. Immigration.
Compare the Choctaw and Creek experiences with removal. What were two major hardships they faced?
Harsh travel, disease, death, and loss of homeland.
Name the two main opposing Cherokee factions (parties) and identify the core belief of the Treaty Party that led them to sign the agreement.
National Party (led by Principal Chief John Ross) and the Treaty Party (led by men like Major Ridge and Elias Boudinot).
What events led to the Oklahoma Land Run of 1889, and who were the Sooners?
Boomers’ demanding land led to the 1889 Land Run; Sooners entered early.
Major Ridge, John Ridge, Elias Boudinot
Leaders of the Treaty Party; believed removal was unavoidable.
Treaty of New Echota
The 1835 treaty was signed by the minority Cherokee “Treaty Party,” agreeing to removal.
What best describes the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek?
It provided land and financial support for Choctaws moving west
Which characteristic best describes the Chickasaw tribe in the Southeast before their removal?
They were the most prosperous tribe, adapting to white ways by farming, raising livestock, and even owning slaves.
What was the most effective argument used by Boomers to demand opening of the Unassigned Lands?
Government discrimination favoring cattlemen
Winfield Scott
U.S. general who led the forced Cherokee removal westward.
National Party
Cherokee group led by John Ross that opposed the Treaty of New Echota.
What did the Georgia Compact of 1802 promise?
Federal removal of Indians from Georgia lands
The Treaty of New Echota, signed in December 1835, was controversial and repudiated by the majority of the Cherokee Nation because:
It was signed by a minority political faction (the Treaty Party) who lacked the authority to represent the majority of the nation.
Which law authorized negotiations for the cession of unoccupied lands in Indian Territory?
Indian Appropriations Act of 1885
John Ross
Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation; resisted forced removal.
Treaty Party
Cherokee group led by Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot who supported removal.
Who were the Red Sticks?
A faction of Creeks who fought whites during the War of 1812
When they arrived in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma), the Cherokee Nation did not remain a unified body. Instead, they were divided into which three distinct groups?
The Old Settlers, the Treaty Party, and the Ross Party.
Who became the Boomer leader after David L. Payne’s death?
William L. Couch
Georgia Compact of 1802
Sure!
An agreement where Georgia gave up its western lands (what is now Alabama and Mississippi) to the U.S. government.
In return, the U.S. promised to pay Georgia $1.25 million and remove Native Americans from Georgia’s land so settlers could move in.
Old Settlers
Cherokees who had moved west before the Trail of Tears.