reaction types
when a double bond breaks and two new groups are added
What is an addition reaction?
contains the -OH group
What is an alcohol
insoluble
What doesn't dissolve in water? What is an alkane/alkene/alkyne?
(alc)
What symbol is used to mean 'dissolved in alcohol'?
a double bond breaks and two new groups are added
What is an addition reaction?
when two groups are swapped
What is a substitution reaction?
contains a triple bond between carbons
What is an alkyne?
mostly gases at room temperature
What are (small) non-polar molecules? What are (small) alkanes/alkenes/alkeynes?
H2SO4 (aq)
What is used to turn an alkene into a alcohol?
the carbon with the least number of hydrogens gains the extra hydrogen
What is the minor product?
elimination reaction
What removes two groups and makes a C=C bond?
is a base
What is an amine?
small amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids
What will dissolve in water? What are examples of polar molecules?
MnO4- / H+ (aq)
What is an oxidant? What makes an carboxylic acid? What makes a diol?
Pt or Ni
What is a catalyst used when adding H2?
Cr2O72- / H+
What can oxidise a primary alcohol?
needs a C=C and each carbon of the bond to have different groups
What are cis/trans (geometric) isomers?
turns red litmus blue
What is an amine?
KOH(alc)
What is used to eliminate a haloalkane?
major and minor product reasons
What happens when an asymmetrical group is added to an asymmetrical molecule?
NaOH
What will react with a carboxylic acid?
Double Bonus: name the product when it reacts with butanoic acid
this group is always the number 1 carbon
What are carboxylic acids?
become more organic and less aqueous
What is the trend as alcohols/amines/acids get bigger?
KOH(aq)
What is used to swap halogen for OH group?
polymers
What are made by adding monomers together?