Composers’ Lives
came from a musical family of 5 generations
known for idiomatic writing for strings
Who was Antonio Vivaldi?
the main theme of a fugue in tonic key
viola ostinato represents a barking dog
What is the 2nd movement of ”Spring” from the Four Seasons?
consisting of an exposition, development, and recapitulation, this form is often used in the 1st movement of a sonata cycle
What is sonata form?
employed by the influential Esterházy family for almost 30 years
Who was Franz Joseph Haydn?
regarded as the father of the string quartet & symphony
Who was Franz Joseph Haydn?
the librettist for “Messiah”
Who was Charles Jennens?
theme & variations based on a hymn written for the Austrian Emperor
What is the 2nd movement from “String Quartet in C+, Op. 76, No. 3” or ”Emperor Quartet”?
a genre written for small ensemble (2-10 players) with one player per part
barber-surgeon father was unsupportive of son’s musical pursuits
Who was George Frideric Handel?
replaced graceful menuet & trio with dramatic scherzo & trio
Who was Ludwig van Beethoven?
a speech-like, declamatory style of singing; used to advance the storyline in opera/oratorio
What is a recitative?
features melismas by the solo soprano
What is “Rejoice Greatly” from “Messiah”?
in Baroque music, only a single emotion is projected through the music
What are “the Affections”?
toured across Europe with dad & elder sister
Who was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?
cosmopolitan composer who absorbed styles from different countries
Who was George Frideric Handel?
in the Classical era, the elegant “Menuet” of 3rd mvts were replaced later by a more dramatic alternative
What is “Scherzo”?
this work opens with a French Overture
What is ”Messiah”?
this method of tuning keyboard instruments divides an octave into 12 equal half steps
What is equal temperament?
had many romantic infatuations, but remained single
Who was Ludwig van Beethoven?
devoted his works “to the glory of God”
Who was Johann Sebastian Bach?
a musical fragment that is used to build a melody (e.g. short-short-short-long)
What is a “motive”?
opens with a rocket theme (x3)
”Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” 1st mvt, 4th mvt
”Symphony No. 5”, 3rd mvt
Italian for “full” or “complete” when full orchestra is used in a Baroque concerto
What is ”ripieno”?