Forms
two-section form; both are often repeated. Section A ends in the dominant or relative major key and B section ends in tonic key
What is binary form?
fascination with foreign lands and cultures evoked through melody, rhythm, and orchestra
What is exoticism in music?
A scale that has five notes to the octave
What is a pentatonic scale?
“fixed idea”; term coined by Berlioz for a recurrent idea that links different movements of a work
What is idée fixe?
A stately Polish processional dance in triple meter
What is a polonaise?
ABACA or ABACABA; a form often used in a sonata cycle
What is rondo form?
musical compositions with strong emphasis on composer’s own national elements and resources such as folk song and dance, myths and legends, landscapes and historical events
What is nationalism in music?
a non-traditional scale consists of six different pitches, all spaced a whole tone apart
What is a whole tone scale?
Italian for “full” or “complete”, to denote the use of the full orchestra in Baroque concerto
What is ripieno?
A chamber ensemble that includes two violins, viola, and cello
What is a string quartet?
a musical form in which the theme is followed by a series of structured variations
What is theme & variations?
music of the 18th-century, adheres to principles of symmetry, balance, and proportion; emphasis on excellence, enduring value, and timeless quality.
What is classicism in music?
the main theme of the fugue, is stated alone at the beginning in one of the voices. It is then imitated in another voice
What is a subject?
a rhythmic or melodic pattern that is repeated for an extended period
What is ostinato?
a speech-like, declamatory style of singing supported by instruments, employed in opera, oratorio, and cantata, allows for greater connection with the text employed in opera, oratorio, and cantata
What is recitativo?
Typically in the first and the last movement of Baroque concertos, a movement consists of an alternation of tutti (or ripieno = full orchestra) and episode (or concertino = soloists)
What is ritornello form?
use of strong accents, heavy syncopation, polyrhythms, and expanded percussion section
What is primitivism in music?
the total absence of any tonal center characterized by unresolved dissonance
What is atonality?
German for “through-composed”, a song structure that does not repeat entire sections of the music, as a result, melody, harmony, and piano accompaniment are able to reflect the meaning of the text as the story unfolds
What is Durchkomponiert?
a composition is written in the general form of a symphony and based on a programmatic idea
What is a program symphony?
A developed rounded binary form in a fast tempo consists of sections as exposition, development, and recapitulation with a coda at the end. Often used in the first movement of sonata cycle.
What is sonata(-allegro) form?
the work is characterized by modal and exotic scales, unresolved dissonances, parallel chords, rich and unique orchestral color, and free rhythm, all generally cast in small-scale programmatic forms
What is Impressionism in music?
in a transposition of the subject, one or more intervals is adjusted to accommodate the harmony
What is tonal answer?
literally “day of wrath”; a medieval melody used in the Catholic mass for the dead
What is Dies irae?
a single-movement work of program music with literary or pictorial associations for orchestra, invented by Franz Liszt
What is a symphonic poem?