Labor Indicators

Basic Concepts

100

What is work capacity?

Physical and mental ability to work

200

What is labor potential?

Total human resources (quantity + quality)

300

What determines labor resources size?

Population structure

400

Is working-age population the same as economically active population?

No, they are not the same. 

(Working-age population includes all people who are in the age group that can work (usually 16 to retirement age), even if they are not working. Economically active population includes only people who are actually working or actively looking for a job)

500

Name 4 components of work capacity

Physical, intellectual, psycho-physiological, social

Formulas

100

Formula for Crude Birth Rate?

(B / P̄) × 1000

200

Formula for Crude Death Rate?

(D / P̄) × 1000

300

Formula for Rate of Natural Increase?

Crude Birth Rate − Crude Death Rate 

400

Formula for Net Migration?

Immigration - Emigration

500

What is the formula for population growth rate (GR)?

(P₁ / P₀) × 100

Population Movement

100

What is natural movement?

Births & deaths

200

What is mechanical movement?

Migration

300

Give 2 examples of mechanical movement

Immigration, emigration

400

Natural increase formula?

Birth rate - Death rate

500

What is the key difference between natural and mechanical population movement?

Natural movement is caused by births and deaths, while mechanical movement is caused by migration (immigration and emigration).

Calculations

100

Births = 500,000

Deaths = 300,000 

Natural Increase?

Natural Increase = 200,000

📌 (Natural Increase = Births − Deaths)

200

Crude Birth Rate = 18%

Crude Death Rate = 7% 

Rate of Natural Increase?

Rate of Natural Increase = 11%

📌 (Rate of Natural Increase = Crude Birth Rate − Crude Death Rate)

300

Immigration = 200,000 

Emigration = 50,000 

Net Migration?

Net Migration = 150,000

📌 (Net Migration = Immigration − Emigration)

400

Population = 50 million 

Births = 750,000 

Crude Birth Rate?

Crude Birth Rate = 15%

📌 (Crude Birth Rate = Births / Average Population × 1000)

500

Natural Increase = 310,000

Net Migration = 170,000 

Total Population Change?

Total Population Change = 480,000

📌 (Total Population Change = Natural Increase + Net Migration)

Case & Logic

100

What is TFR?

Total Fertility Rate - Number of children per woman on average

200

What is Net Migration?

Difference between immigrants and emigrants

300

What is demographic dividend?

High working-age population → growth

400

Aging population causes?

Labor shortage

500

Brain drain meaning?

Skilled people leave country