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LAB
LAB
LAB
LAB
LAB
100
A protein in the body.
What is albumin?
100
Oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. To evaluate blood losses or response to anemia. Usually performed in conjuction with hematocrit.
What is hemoglobin?
100
Essential for clotting and hemostasis. Thrombocyte count.
What is platelet?
100
Results from muscle tissue breakdown (creatine phosphate). Entirely excreted by the kidneys. Assesses renal function.
What is creatinine?
100
Major cation in the ECF. Plays a role in acid-base balance and neuromuscular function. Has an inverse relationship with K+ Major determinant of osmolality.
What is sodium?
200
Results from protein metabolism. Cleared by the kidneys therefore an appropriate test of renal function. BUN/creatinine ratio is 6:1-20:1
What is urea (BUN or blood urea nitrogen)?
200
Major cation in the ICF. Vital role in cell metabolism. Involved in the Na/K ATP pump to balance ICF/ECF. Maintains acid-base balance, regulation of cellular osmotic pressure and electrical conduction in muscle cells, especially the heart and skeletal muscles. Requires insulin to move back into the cell. Kidneys are the primary regulators.
What is potassium?
200
99% in the bones. 1% in the ECF with 50% as ionized and ready to be used. The other half is bound to protein primarily albumin. Regulated by the PTH, vitamin D, and calcitonin. Combined to phosphorus to form mineral salts in bones and teeth. Helps with muscle contraction, heart function, transmission of nerve impulse and clotting. Must be familiar with the Chvosteka and Trousseau signs.
What is calcium?
200
Major anion in the ECF. Inverse relationship to HCO3 therefore affects acid-base balance. Component of buffering systems, aids with digestion, helps maintain osmotic pressure and water balance. Shifts of this correspond to shifts in sodium. Attracts H2O. Found in interstitial and lymph fluid.
What is chloride?
200
First to arrive at an area of inflammation. Major role in the acute inflammatory response to infection. Short-lived (6-7 days). Clear the area of debris via phagocytosis. 40-60%
What is neutrophils?
300
Heme-containing oxygen-binding protein. Found in cardiac/skeletal muslce. A reservoir of oxygen to meet very short-term needs. Indicates muscle injury.
What is myoglobin?
300
Monitored during coumadin therapy.
What is INR (international normalized ratio)?
300
Evaluates how well the coagulation process is functioning. Detects bleeding disorders. Monitored during IV heparin therapy. Measures the time it takes to form a clot in a plasma sample.
What is PTT (partial thromboplastin time)?
300
Can be specific to the heart. Protein found in the heart/skeletal muscle. To determine MI or injury to the heart muscle.
What is troponin?
300
Enzyme of the pancreas with converts fats and triglycerides into fatty acids. To diagnose acute pancreatitis. This value is elevated up to 14 days longer than amylase.
What is lipase?
400
Protects the body from infection. Test should be performed at the same time as they are lower in the morning and higher in the evening.
What is WBC?
400
Produced by anaerobic glycolysis. As a result of carbohydrate metabolism where the cells do not have enough oxygen to allow for conversion of fuel to carbon dioxide and water. Excessive exercise. Liver disease.
What is lactic acid?
400
Component of bile. Formed in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. Results from hemoglobin breakdown (destruction).
What is bilirubin?
400
Mostly (85%) combined with calcium in the bones, 14% in the cells and 1% in the ECF. 15% in the blood. Inversely related to calcium. Role in glucose and lipid metabolism, storage and transfer of energy in the body. Involved in acid-base balance. Controlled by the parathyroid hormone.
What is phosphate?
400
Small amount found in the blood. Majority found in the bones (50-60%), the ECF (1%) and the rest in the ICF. Major role in cellular function. Triggers the Na/K pump. Losses mainly occur through the GI and renal system. Essential for neuromuscular function, energy production and blood clotting.
What is magnesium?
500
A positive test indicates high levels of fibrin degradation products meaning significant thrombus formation and fibrinolysis in the body.
What is D-Dimer?
500
Intracellular enzyme found in the heart, liver, skeletal and erythrocytes. Small amounts in the brain, kidneys, lungs, pancreas and spleen. Released after tissue damage.
What is LDH?
500
Enzyme found in the heart, liver and muscles. Released after injury or cell death. Assesses liver and heart damage. Twofold increase: suggests obstructive problem. 10-fold increase: suggests hepatitis. Must be monitored while on "statins".
What is AST (SGOT)?
500
Enzyme found in kidneys and skeletal muscle but primarily the liver. Monitors liver damage (with AST). Monitors the effects of hepatotixic drugs. AST>ALT: alcohol-induced hepatitis, cirrhosis and cancer of the liver. ALT>AST: viral or drug-induced hepatitis and hepatic obstruction due to causes other than malignancy. Monitor while on "statins".
What is ALT (SGPT)?
500
Is ionized and ready to be used (not bound to albumin).
What is ionized calcium?