Empire: The Concept
A smaller political state composed of people who often share a common set of cultural characteristics.
What is a kingdom?
A term for Muslin religious warriors, Osman and his followers above all sought to become one.
What is ghazi?
legal edicts (official orders or proclamations issued by a person in authority), issued unilaterally by Ottoman sultans.
What are kanun?
A term long-since used in Islamic empires to describe non-Muslim subjects
What is dhimmi?
Unlike the Ottomans and Safavids, the Mughals did not pay as much attention to this.
What is foreign trade?
The political rule of one group of people over other people who may have differing languages and customs.
What is an empire?
The Safavid dynasty's founder Ismail, took this ancient Persian title to legitimize his claim.
What is shah?
The name derived from the distinctive red hats with 12 pleats worn by followers of Ismail in memory of the 12 Shi'ite imams.
What is quizilbash?
the practice of selling high church positions such as bishop or cardinal
What is simony?
While the millet system worked well in the Ottoman realm, it didn't work in this empire because its large numbers of religious communities made it impractical.
What is the Mughal?
Empires needed this management tool to govern diverse peoples under a single administration.
What is a bureaucracy?
Founder of the Mughal dynasty who claimed to be a descendant of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane.
Who is Babur?
This city was planned and constructed by Akbar and served as his capital from 1569 to1585?
What is Fatehpur Sikri?
In Martin Luther's view, one needs only this for salvation.
What is faith?
Founders of the Ottoman, Mughal and Safavid empires all share this cultural heritage.
What is Turkic?
the economic lifeblood of an empire
What is long-distance trade?
Increased use of this, in warfare and in trade, helped the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires expand their territories.
What is gunpowder?
The Ottoman's use of this system allowed the development of the fearsome janissaries.
What is the devshirme?
Members of this sect of Islam believe there had been twelve infallible imams, beginning with prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali.
What is Twelver Shi'ism?
Frequent clashes between these two empires intensified the Sunni-Shia split in Islam.
Who are the Ottomans and Safavids?
Imperial powers tried to win the loyalty of their subjects by granting this.
What is local autonomy?
Under this ruler, Ottoman expansion reached it's peak.
Who was Suleyman?
The Ottoman's use of this system allowed non-Muslim subjects to retain many aspects of their cultural heritage.
What is the millet system?
This Mughal ruler's reinstatement of the jizya intensified conflict between Hindus and Muslims in the region even to this day.
Who is Aurangzeb?
This technology from Europe, by way of China, made little impact in the Ottoman and Mughal empires.
What is the printing press?