Standing Rocks
Moving Waters
Mountains and Volcanoes
Oceans
Other Waters
Edges
Miscellaneous
100
a rock exposure that has a hole completely through it formed by the natural, selective erosion of rock, leaving a relatively intact frame
Arch
100
a river or other body of water's steep fall over a rocky ledge into a plunge pool below
waterfall
100
Series of mountains arranged in a line.
mountain range
100
a piece of subcontinental land completely surrounded by water.
island
100
a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land
isthmus
100
the line along which a large body of water meets the land.
shoreline
100
A type of plains that is covered long grass. They are wetter, more hilly and have longer grasses than the plains
prairies
200
an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus
Butte
200
natural flowing water, usually a freshwater, flowing on the earth's land surface towards another body of water
River
200
top of a mountain ending in a point
mountain peak
200
Huge body of saltwater that covers about 71 percent of Earth's surface
Oceans
200
a large body of water surrounded by land
lake
200
It is a piece of land almost entirely surrounded by water but connected to the mainland on one side.
peninsula
200
Flatlands that have shorter grass and are flatter than prairies
plains
300
A very large piece of land that is flat and elevated. It has cliffs, but may not have cliffs on all sides.
plateau
300
sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence
Rapids
300
A valley or a route through a mountain.
Mountain pass.
300
a shallow body of water protected from a larger body of water (usually the ocean) by sandbars, barrier islands, or coral reefs 
lagoon
300
a small body of still water
pond
300
a long, narrow sandbank
sand bar
300
a small steep-sided watercourse or gulch with a nearly flat floor: usually dry except after heavy rains
arroyo
400
a sharp irregular ridge of compact sand lying in the direction of the current wind in exposed desert regions
made by wind erosion
Yardang
400
Flowing water, smaller than a river.
Stream
400
Describe how a volcano is formed.
There are two ways volcanoes are formed.
1. subduction plates--one plate slides under another and magma is pushed up to the surface.
2. hot spots-hots spots are not along plate boundaries. They get so hot that they cause a thinning of the crust and magma breaks through the earth.
400
bodies of water smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet
sometimes enclosed by land
sea
400
an area of low-lying land which is flooded in wet seasons or at high tide, and typically remains waterlogged at all times.
marsh
400
a steep rock face, especially at the edge of the sea
cliff
400
a line on a rock surface or the ground that traces a geological fault.
fault
500
What is erosion?
500
large, perennial accumulation of crystalline ice, snow, rock, sediment, and often liquid water that originates on land and moves down slope under the influence of its own weight and gravity
glacier
500
Describe how mountains are formed.
A mountain is formed when two tectonic plates collide. They are the same weight and so one pushes under the other one and one raises up to form a mountain.
500
Ridge of rocks and/or sand, often with coral, at or near the surface of the water
reef
500
an area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects
usually wet for longer periods than a marsh.
swamp
500
a type of broad, rounded cliff
most border a river, beach, or other coastal area
bluff
500
a triangle-shaped deposit of gravel, sand, and even smaller pieces of sediment, such as silt.
Like a delta, except that it is inland, and doesn't empty into a bay or body of water.
alluvial fan
600
What is weathering?
Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.
Does not involve movement like from wind and rivers.
600
How are rivers formed?
A river forms from water moving from a higher elevation to a lower elevation, all due to gravity. When rain falls on the land, it either seeps into the ground or becomes runoff, which flows downhill into rivers and lakes, on its journey towards the seas.
Rivers can also bubble up from groundwater or form at the edge of a lake or large pond.
600
A deep cleft of fissure in the surface of the earth.
chasm
600
A ring shaped reef, island or chain of islands made from coral.
atoll
600
an artificial (man-made) waterway made to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to move water for farming.
canal
600
a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land, with a narrow mouth
gulf
600
a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff, or mountain, or underground
cave
700
What is a plateau?
A very large piece of land that is flat and elevated. It has cliffs but may not have cliffs on all sides.
700
is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by the deposition of sediment that is carried by a river and enters slower-moving or stagnant water. This usually occurs at a river mouth, when it enters an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir.
i
delta
700
long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland.
often set in a U-shaped valley with steep walls of rock on either side.
found mainly in Norway, Chile, New Zealand, Canada, Greenland, and the U.S. state of Alaska.
fjord
700
a group of islands.
archipelago
700
a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water
straight
700
a large, narrow, elevated landforms that extend into a body of water, such as an ocean, river, or lake. Different from a peninsula because it usually has a change in the type of land in the coastline.
cape
700
coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers
mud flats
800
Describe the difference between a plateau, mesa, a butte and a yardang.
A plateau has a flat top, but it is really big and may not have cliffs on all sides.
A mesa is like a plateau but smaller. It has cliffs on all sides. It is wider than it is tall.
A butte is like a mesa that has been eroded so much that it is taller than it is wide.
A plateau, butte and mesa all have flat tops.
A yardang is a standing rock that is leaning in the direction of the prevailing wind, made up of the rock or sand of the area surrounding the rock.
800
an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other
valley
800
a mass of small loose stones that form or cover a slope on a mountain.
scree
800
a piece of freshwater ice more than 15 m long that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open (salt) water
iceberg
800
What is the difference between a pond and a lake?
size and depth
800
long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland.
often set in a U-shaped valley with steep walls of rock on either side.
found mainly in Norway, Chile, New Zealand, Canada, Greenland, and the U.S. state of Alaska.
fjord
800
a rare kind of hot spring that is under pressure and erupts, sending jets of water and steam into the air.
made from a tube-like hole in the Earth's surface that runs deep into the crust.
geyser