FLOW
DYNAMICS
DYNAMICS
Smooth flow of water in parallel sheets with minimal mixing
A. Baseflow B. Laminar Flow
What is Laminar Flow?
The hard layer of rock at the top of a waterfall that resists erosion.
A. Hard Rock
b. Cap Rock
What is Cap Rock?
Steep bank created on the outside of a meander loop due to fast undercutting.
A. River bank
b. River Cliff
What is a River Cliff?
A crescent-shaped lake formed when a meander loop is cut off from the main channel.
a. Osbow lake B. Delta
What is an oxbow lake?
Landform created where a river enters still water and deposits its sediment load.
a. Infiltration B. Delta
What is a delta?
Chaotic water motion with swirling eddies, dominant in steep upper courses.
A. Turbulent Flow. B. Laminar Flow
What is Turbulent Flow?
Deep pool created at the base of a waterfall by hydraulic action and abrasion.
A. Water table B. Plunge pool
What is a plunge pool?
Gently sloping accumulation of sand and gravel deposited on the inside of a meander.
a. Point bar b. Steep slope
What is a point bar
Natural raised embankments formed alongside river banks during flooding.
a. Levees b. Leaves. c. Vegetation storage
What are levees?
Branching channels that split off from the main river across a delta plain.
a. River Channel. B. Distributaries
What are distributaries?
The corkscrew spiraling motion of water in meander bends.
A. Hortonian Flow. B. Helicoidal Flow
What is Helicoidal Flow?
Steep-sided narrow valley left behind as a waterfall retreats upstream.
A. Meander B. Gorge C. Floodplain D. Oxbow Lake
What is a Gorge?
The dominant direction of erosion in the middle course.
a. Vertical erosion. B. Lateral erosion. C. Headward erosion. D. Deepening erosion
What is lateral eroision
Key event that typically triggers the river breaking through a meander neck.
a. Drought. B. Earthquake. C. Flood. D. Volcanic eruption
What is a flood?
Chemical process where salty water causes fine clay particles to bind together and settle.
a. Salinization. B. Flocculation. C. Carbination. D. Oxidation
What is flocculation?
The line of fastest flow and deepest channel in a river.
What is a thalweg?
Shallow, gravelly sections of a channel that alternate with deep pools.
What are riffles?
The high, steep slopes marking the outer boundaries of a river floodplain.
What are Bluffs?
Type of sediment deposited first at the river bank edge when floodwaters spill over.
What is coarse/heavy sediment?
The fan-shaped or arc-like delta type, such as the Nile Delta.
What is an arcuate delta?
Process where imploding air bubbles in turbulent water create shockwaves that erode bedrock.
What is cavitation?
Interlocking ridges of land that a young river winds around in a V-shaped valley.
What are interlocking spurs?
Distance spacing between alternating riffles and pools in a river bed.
What is 5 to 7 times the channel width?
The dried-up feature left behind when an oxbow lake completely fills with sediment.
What is a meander scar?
Flat area of land on either side of a lower course river built from accumulated alluvium.
What is a floodplain?