Show:
Inside the Earth
Plate Boundaries
Rocks
Weathering & Erosion
Continental Drift
100
Name the four layers of the earth in order from inside out.
Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, and Crust
100
What type of boundary describes plates moving past each other?
Transform boundary
100
What do we call rocks that have been weathered and eroded into little bits?
sediment
100
Describe the process of Erosion.
Erosion is a process where water carries weathered materials to different locations.
100
What is the name of the supercontinent that existed before the continents separated into the continents as we currently know them?
Pangaea
200
What everyday objects would be a good model for the inside of the earth?
Kiwi, anything with four distinct layers and a thin outer crust
200
What type of boundary describes plates moving toward each other?
Convergent boundary
200
What type of rock is made of sediment that has been pressed together through compaction and cementation?
Sedimentary Rock
200
What are the two main types of weathering?
Chemical and Physical
200
Explain the theory of continental drift.
300
What do you know about the temperature of each layer of the earth?
Inner core - Hottest (up to 6,000 C) Outer core - Very Hot (up to 5,000 C) Mantle - Hot (3,200 C) Crust - Hot toward the inside (up to 870 C), cool toward the top
300
What type of boundary describes plates moving away from each other?
Divergent boundary
300
Name the five processes we studied that change rocks and show the actions we created to model them.
Melting Cooling Thermal Heat and Pressure Weathering and Erosion Compaction and Cementation
300
Describe physical weathering and what it does to rocks.
Physical weathering is caused by physical forces like temperature changes, ice, and growing roots. It causes rocks to crack and break into smaller pieces.
300
How do fossils help scientists understand continental drift?
Scientists have found fossils that seem out of place given their location. For example, cold climate fossils have been found in locations that are now in the tropics. This tells scientists that the continents have moved. Also remember the puzzle piece evidence...fossils from different continents fit together like puzzle pieces.
400
Give a general explanation of what makes up each layer of the earth.
Inner core - Solid metals (iron & nickel) Outer core - Liquid metals (iron & nickel) Mantel - Molten rock Crust - Solid rock
400
What term describes what happens when one plates moves underneath another plate while moving toward each other?
Subduction
400
Explain the crayon activity we did in terms of the rock cycle.
We started with crayon shavings to represent sediment. Then we compacted and cemented the shavings into sedimentary rock by pressing the shavings together. Then we applied heat to melt our sedimentary rocks into magma. Finally, we watched our magma cool into a new igneous rock.
400
Describe chemical weathering and what it does to rocks.
Chemical weathering is caused by chemical reactions between air, water, and minerals in rocks. These reactions wear away the surface of rocks.
400
What makes the earth's tectonic plates move?
The magma beneath earth's crust is constantly moving which causes the plates to float around and move as well. Remember the swimming pool demonstration...as the water moves so do the things floating above!
500
What do you know about the thickness of each layer of the earth?
Inner core - 1,280 km thick Outer core - 2,250 km thick Mantel - 2,900 km thick Crust - much thinner than the other layers - between 5 & 100 km thick
500
Choose one type of plate boundary, and explain how this type of boundary changes earth's crust.
Divergent - new crust is formed as magma pushes up through the separation created as plates move apart. Convergent - when plates collide two things happen. If one plate is heavier than the other, the heavier one will subduct or go under the other plate causing trenches and volcanoes. If neither plate is heavy enough to subduct, the plates collide and crumple, pushing up on each other to make mountains. Transform - plates slide past each other causing earthquakes. The earth's crust (and buildings and roads on top) may be pulled apart.
500
Explain the entire rock cycle.
Rocks are constantly changing even though we don't often see this happening. Processes like weathering and erosion and thermal heat and pressure change the physical and chemical makeup of rocks. Rocks also melt into magma and cool into igneous rock. Rocks can go back and forth through different processes meaning that the rock cycle doesn't always move in one continuous circle through each process. The "life story" of a rock may include many different changes!
500
How is erosion sometimes a problem?
Even though erosion is a natural process, it is sometimes problematic. Weathering, erosion, and deposition destroy old landforms and create new ones. This might affect buildings, roads, animal habitats, and more.
500
How do you think the surface of earth will look in 200 million years?
There are lots of correct answers, just remember the plates of the earth's crust are constantly moving and changing so make a good prediction!