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Apportionment of the state's voting districts (14th Amendment Equal Protection)
Baker v. Carr (1962)
School-initiated prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Allowed for interracial marriage according to the 14th Amendment.
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
Stop and frisks do not violate the Constitution under certain circumstances.
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Students do not have a First Amendment right to make obscene speeches in school.
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)
Indigent defendants must be provided representation without charge.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
To prove libel, a public official must show that what was said against them was made with actual malice.
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Random drug tests of students involved in extracurricular activities do not violate the Fourth Amendment.
Pottawatomie County v. Earls (2002)
Students are entitled to certain due process rights.
Goss v. Lopez (1975)
Established the doctrine of judicial review.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
"separate but equal."
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Separate schools are not equal.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Colleges and universities have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity.
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
The Constitution gives the federal government certain implied powers.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
It is cruel and unusual punishment to execute persons for crimes they committed before age 18.
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
he President is not above the law.
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
States cannot nullify decisions of the federal courts.
Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
Administrators may edit the content of school newspapers.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Students may not use a school's loudspeaker system to offer student-led, student-initiated prayer.
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
Random drug tests of student athletes do not violate the 4th Amendment's prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizure
Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)