Jim Cummins
This acronym refers to social language used in face-to-face conversations, like those on a playground.
What is BICS?
This is the alternative name for the "Silent Period," occurring before a child is ready to speak.
What is the preproduction stage?
During this initial stage, a child continues to speak their native tongue regardless of whether others understand them.
What is Home Language Use?
This term describes the transition from hearing and understanding a new language to the "Productive" stage where the child begins creating their own unique sentences.
What is Second Language Acquisition?
While BICS is mastered quickly, CALP can take this many years to reach full proficiency.
What is 5 to 7 years?
During the Silent Period, a child is not speaking but is actively acquiring this type of vocabulary.
What is receptive vocabulary?
In this stage, a child realizes they aren't being understood and relies on gestures while soaking up new sounds and words.
What is the Nonverbal Period?
This 1982 theorist argued that the best methods supply comprehensible input in low-anxiety situations with messages students "really want to hear."
Who is Stephen Krashen?
BICS is often described as this type of language, because it deals with the "here-and-now."
What is contextualized language?
While it can last only a few days, the Silent Period can extend up to this long for some children.
What is one year?
This specific type of speech involves using "chunks" of words a child has heard others use, even if they don't understand the full grammar.
What is Formulaic Speech?
This theorist’s framework suggests that while a student may sound fluent in social settings, they may still struggle with the cognitive demands of a classroom due to the gap between BICS and CALP.
Who is Jim Cummins?
This type of language proficiency is required to understand abstract concepts in decontextualized settings.
What is CALP?
These are the two primary types of factors that determine how long a child’s Silent Period will last.
What are personality and cultural factors?
This stage is reached when a child begins using simple grammatical patterns and experiments with original sentences.
What is Productive Language?
Unlike the "low cognitive demand" of social talk, CALP is characterized by this type of linguistic structure.
What is complex (or challenging)?
During this stage, a child is described as being "unwilling" to do this in their new language.
What is communicate orally?
Similar to a "telegram," this type of speech uses only essential, simple words or phrases to convey a thought.
What is Telegraphic Speech?