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Krashen
Chomsky
Schumann
Swain
Miscellaneous Theorists
and Researchers
100
When using this mental device or process a speaker might sacrifice fluency and meaning for accuracy
What is the monitor?
100
One of the parts of language that humans are not born knowing
What is vocabulary?
100
When a person takes on and understands a new culture without giving up on his or her primary culture
What is Acculturation?
100
The country Swain was working in when she developed her language acquisition theory
What is Canada?
100
The researcher who made the distinction between production based output theories such as Swain’s and reception based input theories such as Krashen’s
Who is Ellis?
200
People can only acquire language when they receive oral or written messages that they understand
What is the Input Hypothesis?
200
The knowledge of a language that allows us to give and get information based on the sounds of a language, the structure of words, the order of a sentence, and word meanings
What is Grammatical Competence?
200
The idea that acquiring a new language becomes more difficult the greater the social and psychological distance is between the learner and the target language
What is Schumann’s Acculturation Model?
200
The idea that language learners need the opportunity to produce and use language in order to acquire it
What is Swain’s Comprehensible Output Theory?
200
The theorist who proposed that the ability to acquire language was the result of countless social interactions over the millennia and who saw language use as a series of choices based on the context of a situation
Who is Halliday?
300
(1) The Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis (2) The Natural Order Hypothesis (3) The Monitor Hypothesis (4) The Input Hypothesis (5) The Affective Filter Hypothesis
What are the five interrelated hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor Model?
300
The ability to communicate according to unspoken rules in different social groups and settings
What is Communicative Competence?
300
Three factors (motivation, attitude, and culture) make up this kind of distance that can inhibit a second language learner from acquiring a target language
What is Psychological distance?
300
We focus on this when we receive comprehensible input
What is meaning or semantics?
300
The theorist who developed the production based model of second language acquisition that includes both output and input and emphasizes the importance of receptivity, attention, focus, and authentic use when learning a new language
Who is Van Lier?
400
Krashen’s Monitor Model was based on this man’s theoretical linguistic research
Who is Noam Chomsky?
400
Looking at underlying ability, ignoring small grammatical mistakes made during language performance, considering what speakers know is grammatically correct when they have a moment to think about it
What is the concept of Competence?
400
Eight factors (social dominance, integration pattern, enclosure, cohesiveness, size, cultural congruence, attitude, and intended length of residence) make up this kind of distance that can inhibit a second language learner from acquiring a target language
What is Social distance?
400
We focus on this when we speak and produce comprehensible output
What is syntax?
400
The theorist who developed the reception based interaction hypothesis which claims that learners make conversational adjustments as they interact with others and that these adjustments help make the input comprehensible
Who is Long?
500
The process of learning something subconsciously by exposure to models, a process of trial and error, and practice within social groups, without formal teaching
What is the Acquisition Hypothesis?
500
The idea that humans are born with an innate knowledge of language rules, that human brains are wired for speaking, understanding, and creating language at birth
What is Universal Grammar?
500
When a person takes on and understands a new culture without giving up on his or her primary culture
What is Acculturation?
500
Problems with forcing this can have negative consequences because language learners may not have received enough comprehensible input
What is Output?
500
The researcher who identified three approaches to teaching grammar in second language acquisition: language as structure, language as mental faculty, and language as functional resource
Who is Derewianka?