Techniques and effects 1
Personification
Give [something] power over...
Make [something] appear more threatening or menacing…
Simile/metaphor
Compare [one thing] to [second thing] in order to highlight that both are…
To create an image of [something] by evoking connotations of …
Hyperbole
Emphasise the writer’s feelings about [X] in order to convey …
The word [x]
Evokes connotations of... which suggests...
Volta
Create a contrast between...
Symbol
Represent a bigger concept or idea of...
Oxymoron
Highlight the contrast between [one thing] and [second thing] in order to convey …
A semantic field of [x]
Create a continual reminder of …
Create an impression that [X] is inevitable or inescapable as linked words continue to arise...
Caesura
Reflect the breakdown of ….
Create / reflect a physical or mental pause …
Free verse + 2 poem examples
A poem with no fixed rhyme scheme, no clear verses
Blessing, SFMT, HaS, Half Caste
Repetition
Creates a continual reminder of [something] …
Emphasise or reinforce [something]
Create the impression that something is unstoppable or inevitable …
Syndetic listing
Create the impression that [something] is unstoppable or inevitable …
Create a monotonous, overwhelming tone, implying that [x] could continue forever or is extensive …
Asyndetic listing
Create a chaotic atmosphere, as this significantly increases the pace to …
Enjambment
Highlight that [something] is continuous and inevitable …
Reflect the movement of [something] within the poem …
Narrative ballad + 1 poem example
Used to explore a dramatic event.
LBDSM
Juxtaposition
Highlight the contrast between [one thing] and [second thing] because …
Force the reader to draw a comparison between [one thing] and [second thing] in order to …
A shift in focus
Draw the reader’s attention from [one thing] to [second thing] in order to create a comparison …
Move the reader’s attention from [one thing] to [second thing] in order to highlight the development or change in tone …
Lasting message (at the end)
The writer ends the text with [something] in order to create a final, lasting message of [something] for the reader. This meets / subverts the readers expectations due to …
Sibilance
Creates a bitter, angry tone
Creates a calming, soothing tone
Didactic poem + 1 example
Instructional poem. Regular rhyme scheme.
IF
Foregrounding
Introduce [something] to the reader and therefore highlight its importance…
The writer discusses / feels / presents [something] at the beginning of the text, in order to immediately begin with a [something] tone, in order to make the readers feel …
Short sentences
Multiple short sentences increase the pace and build excitement towards [something] as the writer expects the reader to feel …
A single short sentence may create a sense of finality, disappointment or shock, creating an atmosphere of …
Villanelle + 1 poem example
19 lines split into 4 5 tercets and a quatrain
DNGG
Elegy and example
An elegy is a poem typically read at the funeral, reflecting the serious nature of the poem.
P@39
Petrarchan sonnet (different from a normal sonnet) and 1 example
Choosing to use a Petrarchan sonnet over a Shakespearean sonnet is significant - this form is more easily divided, reflecting the contrasting thoughts the speaker has.
REMEMBER