Past Vocab
A state with a common culture, in some cases a dominant ethnicity.
What is the nation-state?
Indigenous peoples are different from national minorities.
True, indigenous groups are, wrongly, assumed to be "uncivilized" or "underdeveloped."
"In effect the battle for nationhood is most often a battle for" what?
What is linguistic and cultural hegemony?
The author of Imagined Communities, within which it is explained how "national languages, which are clearly constructed, nonetheless can invoke such passion and commitment from their speakers."
Who is Benedict Anderson?
The challenge between maintaining social cohesion and recognizing cultural and linguistic diversity within modern nation-states.
What is the pluralist dilemia?
Ethnic groups that exercise dominance within a nation.
What are dominant ethnies?
Nationality and ethnicity are synonymous.
False, nationality refers to where someone was born or becomes a citizen of whereas ethnicity refers to cultural characteristics and what makes someone part of another group.
What "on its own, is insufficient to carry or effect language revival?"
What is education?
A theory proposed by Bourdieu that describes " the way that people perceive and respond to the social world they inhabit, by way of their personal habits, skills, and disposition of character."
What is habitus?
In terms of language like we are discussing in class this means aiming for language diversity for the public
What is liberal justice?
The state of a society or the world in which there exists numerous distinct ethnic and cultural groups seen to be politically relevant.
What is multiculturalism?
According to May's Ethno-Symbolic Perspective there is one state per nation.
False, most states are multinational and/or polyethnic.
"The relation between language and identity is thus contingent on both subjective factors and particular" what?
What are political circumstances?
Another name for the theory of linguistic relativity.
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
The idea that a nation should be defined by a common language
What is linguistic nationalism?
A society in which many different groups (ethnic, religious, etc.) and political parties are allowed to exist.
What is a pluralist society?
Modernist perspectives are incomplete.
True, they can't explain why nationalist movements persist and ethnicity continues to be important to these movements instead of other social identities.
What is "the key to continued survival of any minority language?"
What is intergenerational family transmission?
"The value given to one's linguistic habitus in particular linguistic markets."
What is linguistic capital?
The process by which a dominant language replaces the traditional language.
What is language displacement?
The continuing use of a language in the face of competition from a regionally and socially more powerful language.
What is language maintenance?
There are no languages that are mutually intelligible.
False, Norwegian, Swedish and Danish are mutually intelligible.
Even where the language is regarded as a central feature of ethnic identity, it is the" what "attached to language which is considered crucial, not the actual language itself."
What is diacritical significance?
"Occurs when a particular (linguistic) habitus, along with the hierarchical relations of power in which it is embedded, it 'misrecognized' as legitimate and tacitly accepted, even by those who do not have access to it, as a 'natural' rather than a socially and politically constructed phenomenon."
What is symbolic violence?
the existence of linguistic boundaries that restrict the use of certain languages to specific spheres, particularly the personal sphere for minority languages. The existence of these boundaries means that certain restrictions are placed on people if they do not speak the dominant language, and therefore have boundaries blocking their participation in more public sectors of life and governance.
What is linguistic demarcation?